Nanofiber/hydrogel core–shell scaffolds with three-dimensional multilayer patterned structure for accelerating diabetic wound healing

Abstract

Impaired angiogenesis is one of the predominant reasons for non-healing diabetic wounds. Herein, a nanofiber/hydrogel core–shell scaffold with three-dimensional (3D) multilayer patterned structure (3D-PT-P/GM) was introduced for promoting diabetic wound healing with improved angiogenesis. The results showed that the 3D-PT-P/GM scaffolds possessed multilayered structure with interlayer spacing of about 15–80 μm, and the hexagonal micropatterned structures were uniformly distributed on the surface of each layer. The nanofibers in the scaffold exhibited distinct core–shell structures with Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel as the shell and Poly (d, l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) as the core. The results showed that the porosity, water retention time and water vapor permeability of the 3D-PT-P/GM scaffolds increased to 1.6 times, 21 times, and 1.9 times than that of the two-dimensional (2D) PDLLA nanofibrous scaffolds, respectively. The in vitro studies showed that the 3D-PT-P/GM scaffolds could significantly promote cell adhesion, proliferation, infiltration and migration throughout the scaffolds, and the expression of cellular communication protein-related genes, as well as angiogenesis-related genes in the same group, was remarkably upregulated. The in vivo results further demonstrated that the 3D-PT-P/GM scaffolds could not only effectively absorb exudate and provide a moist environment for the wound sites, but also significantly promote the formation of a 3D network of capillaries. As a result, the healing of diabetic wounds was accelerated with enhanced angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition. These results indicate that nanofiber/hydrogel core–shell scaffolds with 3D multilayer patterned structures could provide a new strategy for facilitating chronic wound healing. Graphical Abstract

An injectable photo-cross-linking silk hydrogel system augments diabetic wound healing in orthopaedic surgery through spatiotemporal immunomodulation

“…SEM assessment (Fig. 2 c) of the surface morphologies of the developed hydrogel system resulted in micrographs showing the interconnected porous meshwork of Sil-MA and M@M–Ag–Sil-MA scaffolds with void sizes > 100 μm, which encouraged cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration within the hydrogels [ 36 , 37 ]. Additionally, rheological data confirmed the successful preparation of the M@M–Ag–Sil-MA hydrogel system, with the storage modulus (G′) surpassing the loss modulus (G″) immediately after activation by 405 nm UV radiation and lasting for 100 s and promoting the rapid in situ photo curability of the hydrogel system (Fig.…”

A novel method for investigation of the impact of sterilization by gamma radiation on polycaprolactone scaffold

“…A 3D network enables the polymer scaffold to adsorb better and trap water molecules. It helps the PCL scaffolds' performance by keeping the wound moist for extended periods [1,32,33]. Figure 4 shows the homogeneity of PKAs' two-dimensional distribution that is uniformly dispersed along the target for each type of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen PKAs in the PCL target.…”

Nanocatalytic Hydrogel with Rapid Photodisinfection and Robust Adhesion for Fortified Cutaneous Regeneration

“…The deposition of collagen can fill the wound defect and improve the tensile strength of the wound, which is the material basis of wound healing. 75,76 Capillaries help stop bleeding from wounds and form a rich network of blood vessels that provide support for the healing area. 77 The skin tissues around the wound were collected for histochemical evaluation, and the effect of the PVA/PDA/ MXene/CuS hydrogel on promoting wound healing was analyzed.…”