“…Consequently, there exists a necessity to transition membrane production techniques towards environmentally sustainable alternatives, characterised by reduced utilization of hazardous solvents and adherence to principles of sustainability. [51][52][53][54][55] Furthermore, in order to optimize the effectiveness of the separation process, a range of modifications and manufacturing techniques have been employed with regard to the membrane. Significant enhancements in membrane performance have been achieved by modifying surface properties using various techniques, including plasma etching, 56 thermal crosslinking, 57 and oxidation.…”