Nanofiltration (NF) membranes: the next generation separators for all vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs)?

Zhang, Hongzhang; Zhang, Huamin; Li, Xianfeng; Mai, Zhensheng; Zhang, Jianlu

doi:10.1039/c1ee01117k

Cited by 306 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As reported before, 41 the V/H ions selectivity of M1 and M3 was tested in a diffusion cell (Scheme 3). The left cell was filled with 1.5 M VOSO 4 in 3 M H 2 SO 4 solution (the same to the VRB electrolyte), while the right cell was filled with deionized water.…”

Section: Membrane Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 A conductivity cell was separated into two compartments filled with 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 (Scheme 2). The effective area of the cell (S) was 3 cm 2 .…”

Section: Membrane Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept was realized in our previous work by using the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polysulfone (PSF) nanofiltration membranes, 41 which were prepared from the normal phase inversion method 43,44 and performed well when compared with Nafion. To further improve the selectivity of NF membranes, decreasing the pore size could be a very good method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 The porous NF membranes selectively transfer vanadium ions and protons by pore size exclusion, which overcome the traditional restriction caused by ion exchange groups. The NF membrane could separate vanadium (V(II), V(III), V(IV), and V(V)) and protons by their difference in radius, charge density, interaction with electrolyte or membrane pores, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Silica modified nanofiltration membranes with improved selectivity for redox flow battery application

Zhang

et al. 2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

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189

108

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Nanofiltration (NF) membranes with in situ assembled silica on the surface and in the pores were proposed and successfully prepared for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) applications to improve the vanadium/proton selectivity. VRBs assembled with the modified membranes exhibited much higher Coulombic efficiency than that with original NF membranes, while with a similar voltage efficiency. The results indicate that silica modification can effectively increase the membranes' ion selectivity and maintain good ion-conducting properties. The concept provides an effective way to fabricate high performance porous membranes for VRB applications.Our world currently faces an environment and energy crisis. More than ever, renewable energy from sources such as wind and solar must be developed in order to meet the world's growing demand for clean energy.1 However, the random nature of these intermittent renewable sources makes it quite challenging for their use and dispatch through the grid.2 One effective solution is to connect the power station and the grid with electrical energy storage devices. 3-9Furthermore, energy storage techniques play a critical role in future ''smart grid and electric vehicle'' applications.10-12 Among different kinds of energy storage techniques, the all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) are well suited for large scale energy storage with the best combination of security, efficiency and flexibility.13-16 However, some limits and challenges still need to be solved to realize their commercialization. 10The most critical issue for the development of VRB is the identification, characterization and fabrication of suitable membranes with low cost, high ion conductivity, low permeability to vanadium ions and good stability under highly corrosive operating conditions. 10Until now, several kinds of membranes have been investigated for VRB application, including the New Selemion anion exchange membranes (Asahi Glass, Japan), 17,18 Nafion cation exchange membranes (Dupont, USA),19 the Daramic separator materials filled with ion exchange resin, 20-24 membranes based on sulfonated or quaternized hydrocarbon polymers [25][26][27][28][29][30] and their composite membranes with minerals, 31-36 tungstophosphoric acid (TPA), 37 polypyrrole, 38 PVDF 39 etc. All these membranes conduct ions via anion or cation exchange groups. However, the ion exchange groups normally lower the membrane stability, which further affects their lifetime in VRB. Even all fluorinated membranes like Nafion show excellent chemical stability and very high proton conductivity, the extremely high cost and relatively low ion selectivity still hamper their application.40 Thus, to develop alternative membranes for VRB is one of the most important topics at this time.Recently we first proposed a totally new design by introducing nanofiltration membranes (NF) into the VRB application.41 The porous NF membranes selectively transfer vanadium ions and protons by pore size exclusion, which overcome the traditional restriction caused by ion exchange...

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Section: Membrane Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 A conductivity cell was separated into two compartments filled with 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 (Scheme 2). The effective area of the cell (S) was 3 cm 2 .…”

Section: Membrane Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silica modified nanofiltration membranes with improved selectivity for redox flow battery application

Zhang

et al. 2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

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189

108

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“…4,5 Our past efforts in this regard have been focused on Nafion modification 6 or blending 7 and development of sulfonated polyetheretherketone membranes 8 and hydrocarbon nanofiltration membranes. 9 Most of these membranes, however, are still proton-conducting in nature and thus do not inherently reject vanadium ions, given that vanadium ions and protons both bear positive charges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Solvent on Polymer Prequaternization toward Anion-Conductive Membrane Fabrication for All-Vanadium Flow Battery

Zhang

2012

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Triethylamine-(TEA-) enabled prequaternization of a polymer for nonalkaline anion-exchange membrane (AEM) fabrication is more facile and environmentally benign than the conventional trimethylamine-based postquaternization route. It is also more compatible with forming a microphase-separated membrane morphology that can facilitate ion transport. However, most studies of TEA-quaternized AEMs have reported unsatisfactory conductivities, and no examples of their application in all-vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) have been reported. In this work, we aim to address this issue and demonstrate that, by employing a favorable solvent, polysulfone can be prequaternized to a high level with TEA and further fabricated into an AEM showing good conductivity (18.2 mS cm −1 at room temperature) and impressive VFB performance (Coulombic efficiency above 98% and energy efficiency above 80% at 80 mA cm −2 ). In contrast, when an unfavorable solvent is used, membrane quaternization does not occur significantly. This contrast is shown to result from the absence or presence of solvent−TEA competition during quaternization, which is related to the the electron-donating or -withdrawing properties of the solvents used. Our study adds new understanding to the quaternization chemistry of AEMs and also represents the first example, to our knowledge, of a TEA-quaternized AEM yielding high VFB efficiencies.

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Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries

Bora,

Sultana,

Barman

et al. 2024

Advanced Redox Flow Technology

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Nanofiltration (NF) membranes: the next generation separators for all vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs)?

Cited by 306 publications

References 19 publications

Silica modified nanofiltration membranes with improved selectivity for redox flow battery application

Silica modified nanofiltration membranes with improved selectivity for redox flow battery application

Influence of Solvent on Polymer Prequaternization toward Anion-Conductive Membrane Fabrication for All-Vanadium Flow Battery

Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries

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