Nanofluidics for osmotic energy conversion

Zhang, Zhen; Wen, Liping; Jiang, Lei

doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00300-4

Cited by 410 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…In addition, cation/anion-selective membranes are ideal candidates for osmotic power harvesting. 253,254 Different from membranes of nanoscale ion channels that can be selfsupported, the membranes of angstrom-sized ion channels are supported by a nanoporous substrate. The osmotic energy is generated by separating two cells containing salt solutions of different concentrations using ion-conductive membranes (Fig.…”

Section: Energy Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angstrom-scale ion channels towards single-ion selectivity

et al. 2022

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Section: Energy Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angstrom-scale ion channels towards single-ion selectivity

et al. 2022

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“…The ionized wood membranes offer tunable ion-selectivity and remarkable mechanical properties, making fabrication easier and scalable for large-scale energy conversion. Furthermore, nanofluidic membranes have been explored for tackling membrane fouling and low-energy output in membranebased processes (PRO and RED) as they can offer superior anti-fouling and antimicrobial properties [2,10].…”

Section: Osmotic Power Generation With Ionized Wood Membranes As Micro-or Nanofluidic Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hong et al demonstrated a high-performance osmotic power (~21 W•m -2 ) generation governed by functionalized surface charges at a 1000-fold salinity gradient [81]. In addition, 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene membranes display flexibility, excellent mechanical strength, hydrophilic surfaces, and optimum electrical conductivity, making them suitable for membrane-based separation processes [10,80]. Ding et al demonstrated that oppositely charged Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene membranes with 2D nanofluidic ion-channels could be arranged in an electrochemical cell to harness the osmotic energy resulting from ionic solutions with different salinity gradients, such as seawater and river water.…”

Section: Enhanced Osmotic Energy Harvesting Using 2d-composites As Nanofluidic Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, SGE is becoming more popular as it is readily available (24 h a day) and feasible compared to conventional unstable energy sources such as wind, solar, and wave, which exhibit high daily variability [10]. Remarkable progress is being made to highlight the significance of blue energy harvesting and expanding its utilization in real-life applications, including energy storage and powering electrical devices [11,12].…”

Section: Introduction 1the Blue Energy: Salinity Gradient Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miniaturized Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting Devices

et al. 2021

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Harvesting salinity gradient energy, also known as “osmotic energy” or “blue energy”, generated from the free energy mixing of seawater and fresh river water provides a renewable and sustainable alternative for circumventing the recent upsurge in global energy consumption. The osmotic pressure resulting from mixing water streams with different salinities can be converted into electrical energy driven by a potential difference or ionic gradients. Reversed-electrodialysis (RED) has become more prominent among the conventional membrane-based separation methodologies due to its higher energy efficiency and lesser susceptibility to membrane fouling than pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). However, the ion-exchange membranes used for RED systems often encounter limitations while adapting to a real-world system due to their limited pore sizes and internal resistance. The worldwide demand for clean energy production has reinvigorated the interest in salinity gradient energy conversion. In addition to the large energy conversion devices, the miniaturized devices used for powering a portable or wearable micro-device have attracted much attention. This review provides insights into developing miniaturized salinity gradient energy harvesting devices and recent advances in the membranes designed for optimized osmotic power extraction. Furthermore, we present various applications utilizing the salinity gradient energy conversion.

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“…[18] The smart ion transport behaviors in natural cells have inspired us in designing artificial membranes and electrodes for directional fluid transport, molecular separations, energy harvesting and conversion, energy storages, etc. [22][23][24]…”

Section: Ion Channels and Transport In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Channel Engineering for Rapid Ion Transport: From Nature to Batteries

Mei

Liao

Sun

2021

Chemistry A European J

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Ion transport behaviours through cell membranes are commonly identified in biological systems, which are crucial for sustaining life for organisms. Similarly, ion transport is significant for electrochemical ion storage in rechargeable batteries, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Rapid ion transport can be well achieved by crystal channels engineering, such as creating pores or tailoring interlayer spacing down to the nanometre or even sub‐nanometre scale. Furthermore, some functional channels, such as ion selective channels and stimulus‐responsive channels, are developed for smart ion storage applications. In this review, the typical ion transport phenomena in the biological systems, including ion channels and pumps, are first introduced, and then ion transport mechanisms in solid and liquid crystals are comprehensively reviewed, particularly for the widely studied porous inorganic/organic hybrid crystals and ultrathin inorganic materials. Subsequently, recent progress on the ion transport properties in electrodes and electrolytes is reviewed for rechargeable batteries. Finally, current challenges in the ion transport behaviours in rechargeable batteries are analysed and some potential research approaches, such as bioinspired ultrafast ion transport structures and membranes, are proposed for future studies. It is expected that this review can give a comprehensive understanding on the ion transport mechanisms within crystals and provide some novel design concepts on promoting electrochemical ion storage capability in rechargeable batteries.

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Nanofluidics for osmotic energy conversion

Cited by 410 publications

References 235 publications

Angstrom-scale ion channels towards single-ion selectivity

Angstrom-scale ion channels towards single-ion selectivity

Miniaturized Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting Devices

Crystal Channel Engineering for Rapid Ion Transport: From Nature to Batteries

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