Nanofocusing of X-ray free-electron lasers by grazing-incidence reflective optics

Yamauchi, Kazuto; Yabashi, Makina; Ohashi, Haruhiko; Koyama, Takahisa; Ishikawa, Tetsuya

doi:10.1107/s1600577515005093

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For the extremely bright x-ray free-electron lasers, nanofocusing devices are also needed, but they must withstand the intense x-ray pulses without getting damaged. So far diamond Fresnel ZPs (David et al, 2011), beryllium refractive lenses (Schropp et al, 2013a), and reflective mirrors (Yamauchi et al, 2015) have been successfully employed.…”

Section: E Comparative Summary and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials characterization by synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes

et al. 2018

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Section: E Comparative Summary and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials characterization by synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes

et al. 2018

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“…At EXFEL, a sound simulation of the conditions of the machine [45] gives, for typical energies of tens of keV, the expected number of photons per pulse duration dN/dt = 10 10 fs −1 and the spectral width dω/ω = 1.12 × 10 −3 . Nanofocusing of this X-ray FELs has been contemplated [46]; using a beam spot of the order of 100 nm would lead to a gain factor from (4.5) of G ∼ 100. The continuous interaction of these X-rays with a mole of 152 Gd atoms would provide a stimulated rate of order 10 −10 s −1 ∼ 10 −3 yr −1 .…”

Section: Emission From |λ Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulated transitions in resonant atom Majorana mixing

Bernabéu

Segarra

2018

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Massive neutrinos demand to ask whether they are Dirac or Majorana particles. Majorana neutrinos are an irrefutable proof of physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrinoless double electron capture is not a process but a virtual ∆L = 2 mixing between a parent A Z atom and a daughter A (Z − 2) excited atom with two electron holes. As a mixing between two neutral atoms and the observable signal in terms of emitted two-hole X-rays, the strategy, experimental signature and background are different from neutrinoless double beta decay. The mixing is resonantly enhanced for almost degeneracy and, under these conditions, there is no irreducible background from the standard two-neutrino channel. We reconstruct the natural time history of a nominally stable parent atom since its production either by nature or in the laboratory. After the time periods of atom oscillations and the decay of the short-lived daughter atom, at observable times the relevant "stationary" states are the mixed metastable long-lived state and the non-orthogonal shortlived excited state, as well as the ground state of the daughter atom. We find that they have a natural population inversion which is most appropriate for exploiting the bosonic nature of the observed atomic transitions radiation. Among different observables of the atom Majorana mixing, we include the enhanced rate of stimulated X-ray emission from the long-lived metastable state by a high-intensity X-ray beam: a gain factor of 100 can be envisaged at current XFEL facilities. On the other hand, the historical population of the daughter atom ground state can be probed by exciting it with a current pulsed optical laser, showing the characteristic absorption lines: the whole population can be excited in a shorter time than typical pulse duration.

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“…At EXFEL, a sound simulation of the conditions of the machine [10] gives, for typical energies of tens of keV, the expected number of photons per pulse duration dN/dt = 10 10 fs −1 and the spectral width dω/ω = 1.12 × 10 −3 . Nanofocusing of this X-ray FELs has been contemplated [11]; using a beam spot of the order of 100 nm would lead to a gain factor from (4.5) of G ∼ 100. The continuous interaction of these X-rays with a mole of 152 Gd atoms would provide a stimulated rate of order 10 −10 s −1 ∼ 10 −3 yr −1 .…”

Section: Observablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant atom Majorana mixing

Bernabéu¹,

Segarra²

2018

Proceedings of Corfu Summer Institute 2017 "Schools and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity" — PoS(CORFU2017)

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Massive neutrinos demand to ask whether they are Dirac or Majorana particles. Majorana neutrinos are an irrefutable proof of physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrinoless double electron capture is not a process but a virtual ∆L = 2 mixing between a parent A Z atom and a daughter A (Z − 2) excited atom with two electron holes. As a mixing between two neutral atoms and the observable signal in terms of emitted two-hole X-rays, the strategy, experimental signature and background are different from neutrinoless double beta decay. The mixing is resonantly enhanced for almost degeneracy and, under these conditions, there is no irreducible background from the standard two-neutrino channel. We reconstruct the natural time history of a nominally stable parent atom since its production either by nature or in the laboratory. After the time periods of atom oscillations and the decay of the short-lived daughter atom, at observable times the relevant "stationary" states are the mixed metastable long-lived state and the short-lived excited state, as well as the ground state of the daughter atom. Their natural population inversion is most appropriate for exploiting the bosonic nature of the observed X-rays by means of stimulating X-ray beams. Among different observables of the atom Majorana mixing, we include the enhanced rate of stimulated X-ray emission from the long-lived metastable state by a high-intensity X-ray beam. a gain factor of 100 can be envisaged at current XFEL facilities. On the other hand, the historical population of the daughter atom ground state can be probed by exciting it with a current pulsed optical laser, showing the characteristic absorption lines: the whole population can be excited in a shorter time than typical pulse duration.

show abstract

Nanofocusing of X-ray free-electron lasers by grazing-incidence reflective optics

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Materials characterization by synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes

Materials characterization by synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes

Stimulated transitions in resonant atom Majorana mixing

Resonant atom Majorana mixing

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