Nanoheterojunction‐Mediated Thermoelectric Strategy for Cancer Surgical Adjuvant Treatment and β‐Elemene Combination Therapy

Abstract

As an indispensable strategy for tumor treatment, surgery may cause two major challenges: tumor recurrence and wound infection. Here, a thermoelectric therapeutic strategy is provided as either an independent cancer therapy or surgical adjuvant treatment. Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (BST) and Bi2Te2.8Se0.2 (BTS) nanoplates composed of Z‐scheme thermoelectric heterojunction (BST/BTS) are fabricated via a two‐step hydrothermal processes. The contact between BST and BTS constructs an interfacial electric field due to Fermi energy level rearrangement, guiding electrons in the conductive band (CB) of BTS combine with the holes in the valance band (VB) of BST, leaving stronger reduction/oxidation potentials of electrons and holes in the CB of BST and the VB of BTS. Moreover, under a mild temperature gradient, another self‐built‐in electric field is formed facilitating the migration of electrons and holes to their surfaces. Based on the PEGylated BST/BTS heterojunction, a novel thermoelectric therapy platform is developed through intravenous injection of BST/BTS and external cooling of the tumors. This thermoelectric strategy is also proved effective for combination cancer therapy with β‐elemene. Moreover, the combination of heterojunction and hydrogel is administrated on the wound after surgery, achieving efficient residual tumor treatment and antibacterial effects.

Alternative Copper-Based Single-Atom Nanozyme with Superior Multienzyme Activities and NIR-II Responsiveness to Fight against Deep Tissue Infections

“…By the merits of the coordinated Cu atom serving as cofactor or active center in copper-containing metalloenzymes (e.g., laccase, urate oxidase, amine oxidase, and azurin) [ 20 ], it is interesting to find that in addition to high POD-like activity, the CuN x -C SAzyme also possesses excellent OXD-like activity, meaning it can promote ROS generation through the parallel reactions of converting H 2 O 2 into •OH and O 2 into •O 2 − [ 21 ]. On the other hand, the Cu decoration in defective porous carbon materials can further broaden the optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region and improve the photothermal conversion efficiency of the nanohybrid (48.5%) [ 22 , 23 ]. These results suggest that CuN x -C SAzymes are potential candidates with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities and NIR responsiveness for deep infection treatment.…”

Manganese-Based Immunostimulatory Metal–Organic Framework Activates the cGAS-STING Pathway for Cancer Metalloimmunotherapy

“…11−14 For example, MOFs have been leveraged to encapsulate various therapeutic cargoes for improved cancer chemotherapy. 15−19 Recently, with development of recent technologies for antitumor therapy, 20,21 the advent of cancer immunotherapy has brought a dawn to cancer treatment. In this context, the potential of MOFs to potentiate cancer immunotherapy has been exploited.…”

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of particular organic–inorganic hybrid materials composed of metal ions and organic ligands. Due to their versatile structures, large surface area, high loading capacity, and inherent biodegradability, MOFs have shown a variety of applications − including gas storage and separation, − chemical separation, , catalysis, − and biomedical applications. − For example, MOFs have been leveraged to encapsulate various therapeutic cargoes for improved cancer chemotherapy. − Recently, with development of recent technologies for antitumor therapy, , the advent of cancer immunotherapy has brought a dawn to cancer treatment. In this context, the potential of MOFs to potentiate cancer immunotherapy has been exploited.…”

Cuproptosis‐Driven Enhancement of Thermotherapy by Sequentially Response Cu2‐xSe via Copper Chemical Transition

“…[ 16 ] Interestingly, cuproptosis enhance the efficacy of thermotherapy through cuproptosis‐driven mitochondrial dysfunction, since the combined mitochondrial dysfunction by cuproptosis‐inhibited aerobic respiratory and thermotherapy‐caused mitochondrial damage. [ 17 ] In addition, the hyperthermia‐generated ROS further promoted the copper release from the nanosystem, leading to cuproptosis pathway activation for enhancement of thermotherapy in turn. However, Cu 2‐ x Se has potential as a copper‐carrier by the strong copper stabilization and chemical transition, but the instability still limits it in clinical application.…”