Nanoimaging in cardiovascular diseases: Current state of the art

Abstract

Nanotechnology has been integrated into healthcare system in terms of diagnosis as well as therapy. The massive impact of imaging nanotechnology has a deeper intervention in cardiology i.e. as contrast agents, to target vulnerable plaques with site specificity and in a theranostic approach to treat these plaques, stem cell delivery in necrotic myocardium, etc. Thus cardiovascular nanoimaging is not limited to simple diagnosis but also can help real time tracking during therapy as well as surgery. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the molecular imaging techniques for cardiovascular diseases with the help of nanotechnology and the potential clinical implications of nanotechnology for future applications.

<p>Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases</p>

“…Thus, the nano-based cardiovascular imaging has categorized into broad areas such as imaging of thrombus, stem cell, graft, and theranostic approach depending on the site of detection or the mode of mechanism. 58 Different imaging modalities and methods used in cardiology has indicated in Figure 4.…”

Positron emission tomography and nanotechnology: A dynamic duo for cancer theranostics

“…Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, varied and tailorable shapes, sizes and chemical compositions, gold nanostructures make excellent candidates for molecular imaging and, potentially, therapy of various diseases, including cancer [155, 156], cardiovascular disease [157–159], viral infections [160–162], and others. [163, 164] Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) display excellent biocompatibility as gold is relatively inert in biological environments.…”

Different Approaches to Develop Nanosensors for Diagnosis of Diseases

“…Developing sensors at the nanoscale has several benefits as particles in this size range exhibit special characteristics. Nanoprobes have been shown to offer a high penetration efficiency [22] and may be taken up by cells naturally. [23] Using nanomaterials as carriers of chemical probes can increase the Scheme 1.…”

“…stability and the half-life of the chemical probes. [22] Due to their small size, nanoparticles show a high surface-to-volume ratio, which enables high-sensitive detection even at femto-, atto-, and zepto-scales. [24] Furthermore, nanoparticles are shape-tunable and can exhibit high electrical conductivity and reactivity.…”