Nanoindentation testing for evaluating modulus and hardness of single-walled carbon nanotube–reinforced epoxy composites

Dutta, Amal K.; Penumadu, Dayakar; Files, Bradley S.

doi:10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.158

Cited by 75 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[25] Although the fracture and deformation behavior of the epoxy-clay nanocomposites have been intensively studied at the macrolevel over the past decade, less attention has been paid to the stress transfer mechanism in the nano-to microlevel behavior of nanoclay interactions with epoxy. Penumadu and coworkers [26,27] have demonstrated the ability of the nanoindentation technique to evaluate the time-dependent mechanical properties of polymer-based single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCN) composites. It provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the changes in the mechanical properties of these composite materials using a very small specimen volume, and it is capable of characterization of mechanical properties on micrometer scales for polymers [28][29][30][31][32] and phase-separated polymer blends.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation and Morphological Studies of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Shen

Wang

Liu

et al. 2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: This paper investigates the mechanical properties of the epoxy–organoclay nanocomposites by the nanoindentation technique. The nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization and a mixture of exfoliated and intercalated composites structure was obtained as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hardness, elastic modulus, and the creep behavior of the nanocomposites have been evaluated as a function of clay concentration. It has been found that incorporation of 7.5 wt.‐% of clay nanofiller enhances the elastic modulus and hardness of the epoxy matrix by about 20 and 6%, respectively. The elastic modulus data calculated from indentation experiments are comparable with those obtained from a tensile test. An optimum clay loading level was found to be 2.5 wt.‐% to maximum enhance the creep resistance of the epoxy matrix. The lowered creep resistance with higher clay loading could be due to the reduced crosslinking density near the clay surface caused by the plasticizing effect from the pending of alkyl ammonium chains on the clay surface. An attempt has been made to correlate the fracture toughness of the nanocomposites with the ratio of modulus to hardness obtained from nanoindentation experiments.Ratio of modulus to hardness (E/H) and the fracture toughness (KIC) versus clay loading for the epoxy nanocomposites.magnified imageRatio of modulus to hardness (E/H) and the fracture toughness (KIC) versus clay loading for the epoxy nanocomposites.

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Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation and Morphological Studies of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Shen

Wang

Liu

et al. 2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Thus, for steady-state creep at constant temperature, the creep rate ð_ eÞ can be described using the following equation [37]:…”

Section: Analysis Of Nanoindentation Creepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creep mitigation in Sn–Ag–Cu composite solder with Ni-coated carbon nanotubes

Han

Jing

Nai

et al. 2011

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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In the present study, the powder metallurgy route was used to successfully incorporate Ni-coated carbon nanotubes into SnAgCu solder, to form a nanocomposite solder. Nanoindentation tests were performed on both composite and SnAgCu solder samples to investigate their creep behaviour at room temperature. Characterization results revealed that with the addition of Ni-coated carbon nanotubes, the creep behaviour of composite solder improved significantly as compared to that of the unreinforced solder alloy. Moreover, increasing the maximum load from 20 to 100 mN increased the percentage reduction in creep strain rate from 4 to 28%, for the composite compared to SnAgCu solder after 300 s of holding.

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“…The resistance to indentation and the indent depth are continuously monitored throughout the experiment, and by analyzing the load-displacement curve, both hardness and elastic modulus of the material can be measured directly and precisely. Nanoindentation technique is now an accepted and proven technique for mechanical characterization of materials in a wide variety of disciplines (Dutta et al, 2004;Penumadu et al, 2003;Tsui and Pharr, 1999). In this research, mechanical properties of individual sand particles were obtained using the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) option of nanoindentation technique.…”

Section: Nanoindentation For Mechanical Characterization Of Individuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano and neutron science applications for geomechanics

Penumadu¹,

Dutta²,

Luo³

et al. 2009

KSCE J Civ Eng

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Recent advances in experimental characterization techniques offer unique opportunities to evaluate mechanical properties of geomaterials. In this paper, authors introduce two such techniques that have significant potential to impact geomechanics community. The technique of using Instrumented indentation testing using nano-indenter to evaluate hardness and modulus of individual sand particles is introduced. Use of the measured data from nanoindenter on individual sand grain in modelling its assembly using numerical methods such as the discrete element method (for example PFC-2D) is addressed. Modulus for two silica sands with varying particle shape is presented for the depth of indentation in the range of 100 to 1000 nanometers. Use of neutron science for solving relevant problems to geotechnical engineering is also described in this paper. Neutrons are subatomic particles with no electric charge having duality and interacts with atomic nuclei, while X-ray interacts with electrons. Neutrons thus have significantly higher penetration power for most geo-materials when compared to X-rays and are sensitive to hydrogen. Use of neutrons for solving a new class of problems including non-destructive evaluation of strain at particle level while the assemblage is subjected to target stress conditions, and imaging applications including flow through partially saturated porous medium are presented.

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Nanoindentation testing for evaluating modulus and hardness of single-walled carbon nanotube–reinforced epoxy composites

Cited by 75 publications

References 12 publications

Nanoindentation and Morphological Studies of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Nanoindentation and Morphological Studies of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Creep mitigation in Sn–Ag–Cu composite solder with Ni-coated carbon nanotubes

Nano and neutron science applications for geomechanics

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