Nanolime, nanosilica or ammonium phosphate? Laboratory and field study on consolidation of a byzantine marble sarcophagus

Sassoni, Enrico; Ugolotti, Greta; Pagani, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120784

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Research studies on AmOx and/or DAP treatments are constantly expanding and gaining more interest nowadays. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, neutron tomography–radiography, and IR spectroscopy (conventional FTIR instruments; micro ATR-FTIR spectroscopic mapping , ), have been used to investigate the composition of the newly formed reaction products ,,, and their penetration within the substrate. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Resolved ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy and Macro ATR–FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging of Inorganic Treatments for Stone Conservation

et al. 2021

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In this study, the novel application of ATR−FTIR spectroscopy and macro ATR−FTIR spectroscopic imaging overcame an analytical challenge in conservation science: the time-resolved, chemical, and spatial investigation of the reaction of inorganic treatments for stone conservation (ammonium oxalate, AmOx; ammonium phosphate, DAP) occurring in water-based solutions. The aim was to (1) assess the composition and localization of reaction products and their phase variation during the reaction in real time and directly in an aqueous environment and (2) investigate the reaction of AmOx and DAP with calcite and the transformations induced to the substrate with a time-resolved approach. The new analytical results showed that for both treatments, the formation of new crystalline phases initiated at the early stages of the reaction. Their composition changed during the treatment and led to more stable phases. The reactivity of the stone substrate to the treatments varied as a function of the stone material features, such as the specific surface area. A clear influence of post-treatment rinsing on the final composition of reaction phases was observed. Above all, our research demonstrates the actual feasibility, practicality, and high potential of an advanced ATR−FTIR spectroscopic approach to investigate the behavior of conservation treatments and provided new analytical tools to address the choices of conservation in pilot worksites. Lastly, this study opens novel analytical perspectives based on the new possible applications of ATR−FTIR spectroscopic imaging in the field of conservation science, materials science, and analytical chemistry.

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“…Research studies on AmOx and/or DAP treatments are constantly expanding and gaining more interest nowadays. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Resolved ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy and Macro ATR–FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging of Inorganic Treatments for Stone Conservation

et al. 2021

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“…• Effectiveness Phosphate treatments provide increases in mechanical properties fully comparable and often superior to commercial consolidants, such as nanolimes [6][7][8][9], nanosilica [9], ethyl silicate [10][11][12][13][14] and ammonium oxalate [13,[15][16][17], with the advantage of being effective after only 24-48 h, whereas curing for at least 1 month is necessary for nanolimes and ethyl silicate [18,19]. Notably, significant consolidation has been proven not only on carbonate substrates, but also on silicate ones (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although very important to increase the reliability of laboratory studies [29], such attempts can hardly be fully representative of the complex conditions experienced in the field, where both the substrate conditions [30][31][32] and the environmental conditions [33][34][35] play a very important role. To account for the complexity of real situations, a few studies have assessed the performance of the phosphate treatments in the field [9,25,36,37]. Various cases of successful application onto real artworks in Italy, Cyprus, Turkey and the Vatican City have been reported [25], but only in a few cases detailed scientific data were made available [9,36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for the complexity of real situations, a few studies have assessed the performance of the phosphate treatments in the field [9,25,36,37]. Various cases of successful application onto real artworks in Italy, Cyprus, Turkey and the Vatican City have been reported [25], but only in a few cases detailed scientific data were made available [9,36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphate treatments for stone conservation: 3-year field study in the Royal Palace of Versailles (France)

Sassoni

Delhomme²,

Forst

et al. 2021

Mater Struct

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Phosphate treatments for conservation of stone have provided so far encouraging results in laboratory studies, as they exhibit good effectiveness, compatibility and durability to accelerated weathering tests. However, limited data are available about their long-term performance in real environment. Here, a systematic evaluation of phosphate consolidants after prolonged exposure in the field is reported for the first time. Naturally weathered marble specimens and a XVII century marble sculpture located in the Park of the Royal Palace in Versailles were treated by various formulations of the phosphate consolidant. Their conservation state was assessed before treatment by non-destructive methods (ultrasounds, color measurement, water absorption) and, in the case of the specimens, also by slightly destructive tests (SEM, FT-IR, MIP, IC). The conservation state of the specimens and the sculpture was further assessed right after treatment and then periodically monitored during exposure in the Versailles Park. Characterization after field exposure demonstrated that some formulations of the phosphate treatment are able to slow down marble deterioration, although it was not completely inhibited. Limited alterations in water absorption and aesthetic appearance confirmed the general compatibility of the phosphate treatment.

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Towards Green Materials for Cultural Heritage Conservation: Sustainability Evaluation of Products for Stone Consolidation

et al. 2023

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Nanolime, nanosilica or ammonium phosphate? Laboratory and field study on consolidation of a byzantine marble sarcophagus

Cited by 27 publications

References 84 publications

Time-Resolved ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy and Macro ATR–FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging of Inorganic Treatments for Stone Conservation

Time-Resolved ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy and Macro ATR–FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging of Inorganic Treatments for Stone Conservation

Phosphate treatments for stone conservation: 3-year field study in the Royal Palace of Versailles (France)

Towards Green Materials for Cultural Heritage Conservation: Sustainability Evaluation of Products for Stone Consolidation

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