Nanoliposomes of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Small Cardamom Seeds Redresses Type 2 Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

Background & Objectives: In our previous investigation, oral administration of 1,8- cineole-rich supercritical carbon dioxide extract of small cardamom seeds in Wistar albino rats resulted in achieving normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum cholesterol levels. The objective of this study was to further protect the aforesaid extract and to enhance its in vivo therapeutic efficacies in redressing type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, by encapsulating it as nanoliposomes. Patents related to nanoliposomes have been revised thoroughly. Methods: PEGylated nanoliposomes of the aforesaid extract were formulated using soya phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 by probe-sonication. These nanoliposomes were subjected to in vitro characterizations and were orally administered to Wistar albino rats at three different doses viz. 550, 175 and 55 mg/kg b.w. for detailed investigation of their antidiabetic and hypocholesterolemic efficacies. Results: FT-IR, DSC and XRD analyses, HLB value (16), entrapment efficiency (84%) and release kinetics (obeying Higuchi model) revealed that the nanoliposomes were o/w type and were hydrophilic. They exhibited appreciable in vitro antioxidant potency (59% DPPH scavenging activity) owing to a synergistic consortium of antioxidants present therein. Oral administration of the liposomes in rats at 550 mg/kg b.w. could restore their normal FBG levels and serum lipid profiles on day 35, with desirable up-down regulations of related key enzymes. The iHOMA2 model could successfully predict the effects of nanoliposomes on insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in rat liver and brain, respectively. Conclusion: Nanoliposome of 1,8-cineole rich extract of small cardamom seeds is a new biotherapeutic in redressing type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of small cardamom and yellow mustard seeds have fasting hypoglycaemic effects: diabetic rat, predictive iHOMA2 models and molecular docking study

“…Diabetes was induced in each rat by injecting STZ intraperitoneally at a standard dose of 60 mg/kg of the b.w. on day 1 in the morning at 09.00 hours, in accordance with the method reported by Paul et al (21) . The FBG levels were determined in STZ-injected rats after 72 h of injection.…”

“…The blood samples of all rats were estimated for FBG levels and total cholesterol, TAG, HDL and LDL were estimated in the serum samples by semi-autoanalyser (Merck), according to standard protocols (24)(25)(26)(27) . Plasma insulin levels were evaluated using ELISA kit with assay sensitivity of 0•05 mIU/l (21) .…”

“…The model of iHOMA2 can be used to predict the effects of therapeutic agents on β-cell function (%β), insulin sensitivity (%S) and glucose uptake by a non-invasive method (16,21) . In the present study, %S and %β were calculated from experimental glucose and insulin values using iHOMA2 in analytical mode.…”

1,8-Cineole Ameliorates Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease-like Pathology In Vitro and In Vivo

“…CIN is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry [24] and is also used as a condiment in food and cosmetics [25]. The oral administration of CIN (550 mg/kg bodyweight) in Wistar albino rats could restore their normal fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels [26]. The protective effect of CIN (1.1 µg/mL) on vascular endothelial injury induced by hyperglycemia has also been reported [27].…”

Recent advances in the extraction, chemical composition, therapeutic potential, and delivery of cardamom phytochemicals

“…The authors suggested that cardamom essential oil-loaded nanoliposomes have potential as natural food preservative and antioxidant for a wide range of application in the food, cosmetic, nutrition, and pharmaceutical industries. Paul et al (97) formulated biotherapeutic PEGylated nanoliposomes using soya phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 by probe-sonication to protect and enhance the therapeutic potential of green cardamom essential oil to attenuate type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. The in vitro investigations of the resultant nanoliposomes showed an entrapment efficiency of 84% and significant antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging potency was 59%) due to antioxidant substances present in cardamom phytochemical.…”