Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites: Classification and Toxicity

Deep eutectic solvent mediated synthesis and fabrication of a WO3–MgO nanocomposite as an electrode material for energy storage applications

“…When one of these components is formed in nano-size it is termed nanocomposites. 12 These nanocomposites formed a motif in electronics, energy storage, electromagnetic weapons, electric cars, etc . 13 In a homogeneous dispersion, the atoms gather on the surface of ultra-fine nanoparticles but a veritable occurrence is the aggregation of atoms leading to defects, leading to enhanced electric field with deteriorating mechanical properties.…”

The role of nanocomposites against biofilm infections in humans

“…The workers associated with nanocomposite cutting, drilling, and sanding of nanocomposites have a high risk of developing occupational diseases. Nanocomposite fragments in the nano-and microscale are released due to reasons such as photodegradation, incineration, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and interaction with the liquids (Pacheco and Buzea, 2021). The airborne nature of the nanoparticles and nanofibers shows potential toxicity due to inhalation.…”

Prospects of Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Purification and Scalability and their Health and Environmental Impacts: A Review

“…Why are nanoparticles so dangerous? The solution lies in their modest size in comparison to lung alveoli (200 µm), blood capillaries (5 µm), red blood cells (2–6 µm), mitochondria (500 nm), and fenestrated capillary holes (up to 180 nm) [ 279 , 280 ]. Nanoparticles smaller than any of the aforementioned systems may be ingested by inhalation, enter the circulatory system, travel to organs, enter cells and even organelles, and influence fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism and cell death, hence causing illness [ 279 , 281 ].…”