Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites: Classification and Toxicity

Pacheco, Ivan; Buzea, Cristina

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11155-7_1-1

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to consider the emission risk during handling procedures such as cutting, dry coating, or grinding that will contribute to eventual toxicity. [465].…”

Section: Hybrid Nanomaterials and Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there is also a risk of environmental dispersion in other types of exposures, such as that produced by the sun (photodegradation), thermal variations (thermal decomposition), humidity (hydrolysis), interactions with other solutions (chemical processes), or incineration [465]. Therefore, it is necessary to delve into this topic since, for instance, a change in the material's roughness or particle size is not exempt from damage due to the mentioned factors, which facilitate its degradation and the consequent release of the nanomaterial.…”

Section: Hybrid Nanomaterials and Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aluminum hydroxide [176,450] Embryo/fetal toxicity [451], dermal damage [452] Nanoclays with polymers [176,450] Pulmonar inflammation [453] Hydrophilic Montmorillonite [176] Cytotoxicity [454], intestinal damage [455] Hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites [8,176,[456][457][458] Ecosystem damage [465] TEOS/FOTCS/TiO 2 [457] Not reported Silver/TiO 2 nanocomposites [105].…”

Section: Biocides: Self Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Inorganic Nanomaterials in Cultural Heritage Conservation, Risk of Toxicity, and Preventive Measures

2023

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Nanotechnology has allowed for significant progress in architectural, artistic, archaeological, or museum heritage conservation for repairing and preventing damages produced by deterioration agents (weathering, contaminants, or biological actions). This review analyzes the current treatments using nanomaterials, including consolidants, biocides, hydrophobic protectives, mechanical resistance improvers, flame-retardants, and multifunctional nanocomposites. Unfortunately, nanomaterials can affect human and animal health, altering the environment. Right now, it is a priority to stop to analyze its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aims are to raise awareness about the nanotoxicity risks during handling and the subsequent environmental exposure to all those directly or indirectly involved in conservation processes. It reports the human–body interaction mechanisms and provides guidelines for preventing or controlling its toxicity, mentioning the current toxicity research of main compounds and emphasizing the need to provide more information about morphological, structural, and specific features that ultimately contribute to understanding their toxicity. It provides information about the current documents of international organizations (European Commission, NIOSH, OECD, Countries Normative) about worker protection, isolation, laboratory ventilation control, and debris management. Furthermore, it reports the qualitative risk assessment methods, management strategies, dose control, and focus/receptor relationship, besides the latest trends of using nanomaterials in masks and gas emissions control devices, discussing their risk of toxicity.

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to consider the emission risk during handling procedures such as cutting, dry coating, or grinding that will contribute to eventual toxicity. [465].…”

Section: Hybrid Nanomaterials and Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Nanomaterials and Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%