Nanomaterials‐Based Approaches for the Modulation of Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporters

Abstract

HCO3-and fluid secretion are major functions of all epithelia, and alterations inHCO3-secretion by sodium bicarbonate cotransporters are associated with many epithelial diseases, such as renal, ocular, and dental abnormalities. Electrolyte and fluid exits are synergistically mediated by the intracellular second messengers, cAMP and Ca2+, and this raises the possibility that ion transporters are involved in simple secretion and more complicated forms of regulation. Evidence indicates thatHCO3-transport is regulated by the assemblage of Na+-HCO3-cotransporters (NBCs) into complexes by multiple regulatory factors. Recently the specific regulatory functions of factors that interact with NBCe1, especially NBCe1-B, have been elucidated. In this review, I focus on the structural characteristics of electrogenic NBCe1, pathophysiology of NBCe1, and molecular mechanisms responsible for transporter regulation. Moreover I propose the possibility to apply nanomaterials combined with regulatory factors for modulating the activity of NBC transporters as a potential development of therapeutic drug.

The Fundamental Role of Bicarbonate Transporters and Associated Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes in Maintaining Ion and pH Homeostasis in Non-Secretory Organs

“…The HCO 3 − transporters are mainly involved in the production of pancreatic and salivary fluid for The IRBIT protein is abundantly expressed in various tissues. The IRBIT binds the NH 2 -terminal domain of IP 3 receptors (IP 3 Rs) in resting state to inhibit the activity of IP 3 Rs; otherwise, the IRBIT is separated from IP 3 R when it stands in the stimulating state through the activation of G protein-coupled receptor [43,45]. The signaling cascade of released IRBIT is so far unknown.…”