Nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for nitric oxide

Abstract

Electrochemical sensing has been demonstrated to represent an efficient way to quantify nitric oxide (NO) in challenging physiological environments. A sensing interface based on nanomaterials opens up new opportunities and broader prospects for electrochemical NO sensors. This review (with 141 refs.) gives a general view of recent advances in the development of electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials. It is subdivided into sections on (i) carbon derived nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphenes, fullerenes), (ii) metal nanoparticles (including gold, platinum and other metallic nanoparticles); (iii) semiconductor metal oxide nanomaterials (including the oxides of titanium, aluminum, iron, and ruthenium); and finally (iv) nanocomposites (such as those formed from carbon nanomaterials with nanoparticles of gold, platinum, NiO or TiO 2 ). The various strategies are discussed, and the advances of using nanomaterials and the trends in NO sensor technology are outlooked in the final section.

Design and Electrochemical Study of Platinum-Based Nanomaterials for Sensitive Detection of Nitric Oxide in Biomedical Applications

“…Platinum nanoparticle-based nanocomposites and functional nanomaterials are being designed for the sensing of NO in order to further improve or accelerate catalytic activity, conductivity, and electrochemical signal transduction [19,31]. Nanometric structures comprised of Pt or other metal catalysts may increase reactivity with various analyte molecules through increases in step density as the size decreases and strain is induced via interactions with the support [17,20,34].…”

“…Alternatively, electrochemical methods provide a platform for the direct measurement of NO with high analytical performance. Their positive attributes include high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid and stable response, easy use, low cost, easy miniaturization, and facilitating the measurement of real-time NO concentrations in biological samples, which have been employed over a wide range of sensors for clinical use or in biomedicine [8,17,18,19,20]. …”

“…In particular, the capacity for the identification of specific cell species or anatomical sites within the human body may bode very well for the use of nanobiosensors in medical diagnostics. There is great interest in the development of nanomaterial-based NO sensors, to enhance their surface-to-volume ratios, efficiently boost electron transfer, and establish stable responses [19,21,22,23]. It is recognized that NO molecules may easily adsorb onto the surfaces of metallic nanoparticles, and undergo electrochemical oxidation more easily than that with larger particles.…”

“…They may easily make possible the development of electrochemical sensor platforms with unique functionalities and processes that are activated on exposure to NO, as well as the capacity for enhanced mobility and the real time monitoring of other biomolecules in biomedical applications [19,23,44,45,46]. The main focus of this review is to provide insights into electrochemical NO sensors based on Pt nanomaterials.…”

Polyelectrolyte stabilized bi-metallic Au/Ag nanoclusters modified electrode for nitric oxide detection

“…9 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on NO sensing using bimetallic Au/Ag NCs modified electrode. The bi-metallic Au/Ag NCs were synthesized in aqueous solution at room temperature without using seeds or surfactants.…”