“…The ability of nano-products to cross blood–brain barrier, cell membranes, placenta, and more, increases the probability of non-specific interaction, that may ultimately cause their unwanted accumulation at tumor site with potential issues like cellular toxicities. 11 One of the most common challenges associated in determination of safety and risk of nanoparticles relates to inherent intrinsic properties of nanoparticles. Despite progress in predicting nanotoxicology, the linkage of inherent physical and chemical features (shape, size, surface charge, pH of membrane, etc) impact on their uptake in the body, and remains as a fundamental problem for determining nanomaterial biotransformation.…”