Nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of pollutants in water: A review

Abstract

The survival of living beings, including humanity, depends on a continuous supply of clean water. However, due to the development of industry, agriculture, and population growth, an increasing number of wastewaters is discarded, and the negative effects of such actions are clear. The first step in solving this situation is the collection and monitoring of pollutants in water bodies to subsequently facilitate their treatment. Nonetheless, traditional sensing techniques are typically laboratory‐based, leading to potential diminishment in analysis quality. In this paper, the most recent developments in micro‐ and nano‐electrochemical devices for pollutant detection in wastewater are reviewed. The devices reviewed are based on a variety of electrodes and the sensing of three different categories of pollutants: nutrients and phenolic compounds, heavy metals, and organic matter. From these electrodes, Cu, Co, and Bi showed promise as versatile materials to detect a grand variety of contaminants. Also, the most commonly used material is glassy carbon, present in the detection of all reviewed analytes.

Recent advances in the elimination of persistent organic pollutants by photocatalysis

“…Compared to conventional approaches, nanosensors' unique characteristics make them dependable for sensitive detection of extremely low pollutant concentrations. Silver, zinc oxide, and silicon oxide nanoparticles are used in these nanosensors (Potes-Lesoinne et al, 2022). To address the toxicity hazards of chemically produced nanomaterials, green nanomaterials have received increased attention.…”

Electrochemical sensor based on gum Arabic nanoparticles for rapid and in-situ detection of different heavy metals in real samples

“…Sensor based on nanotechnology provides a gateway able to respond to all the mentioned challenges. In fact, nanomaterials promote various advantages such as high detection sensitivity, a large surface area, high stability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, enhanced electrical conductivity, and a low response time compared with the traditionally used biosensors [ [20] , [21] , [22] ], [ [23] , [24] , [25] ]. Among all the design pathways for nanomaterials, green methods are become a reliable, sustainable, and ecological for the synthesis of nanomaterials, especially nanoparticles.…”

Electrochemical synthesis of 2D-silver nanodendrites functionalized with cyclodextrin for SERS-based detection of herbicide MCPA

“…Typically, fabrication techniques employed include UV photolithography [12], electron beam lithography [13], nanoimprint lithography [14], and templating [15]. The morphology of the nanostructures includes particles [16], triangles [17], or spheres [18].…”