Nanomaterials in Proteomics

Abstract

For a deep understanding of the human proteome, the first crucial step is always the effective separation of targeted proteins/peptides from complex samples. In mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, nanomaterials have emerged as a highly effective means to separate targeted proteins/peptides and increase their relative abundance, which is beneficial to conduct mass spectrometric analysis. In particular, nanomaterials with different specific functionalities have received great attention in ordinary proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and glycoproteomics, for which the easily recognizable characteristics of these proteomes take the primary responsibility, such as the hydrophobicity, phosphate groups, cis–diol structure, and hydrophilicity. This review mainly focuses on the recent design and preparation of nanomaterials with specific recognition ability, as well as their application in the aforementioned three types of proteomics.

Application of nanomaterials in proteomics-driven precision medicine

“…Mesoporous NPs, due to the adjustable pore size and large specific surface area, have been explored in size-based separation and membrane proteomics 12 , 13 . From the technical point of view of material science, several recent review articles have summarized the manufacturing of NPs and their applications in biomedical science 14 . In this review, we intend to fill the gap from a proteomics perspective by focusing on the most pressing challenges currently facing MS-based proteomics (Figure 1 ).…”

Emerging Nanoporous Materials for Biomolecule Separation

“…With the blooming development of materials in recent years, many emerging nanoporous materials have been tried for biomolecule separation, including superficially nanoporous silica microparticles, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), 2D materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), self-assembled block copolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), functional hydrogels, heterostructured nanoporous microparticles, and nanofractal microparticles (Figure 2). Although several recent reviews have focused on the development of separation materials for specialized biomolecules, [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] it is necessary to review the state-of-the-art nanoporous materials for biomolecule separation.…”

Bi‐amino acid functionalized biomimetic honeycomb chitosan membrane as a multifunctional hydrophilic probe for specific capture of N‐linked glycopeptides in nasopharyngeal carcinoma's disease patient's serum

“…As an important post-translational modification, protein glycosylation is involved in a range of biological processes [1], such as host-pathogen interaction and signal transduction [2][3][4], and abnormal glycosylation is usually significantly related to diseases like cancer [5][6][7]. Therefore, in-depth study of glycosylation will help to further understand the sites of action of glycosylation and find new disease-related biomarkers, providing the research direction with broad application prospects in the fields of clinical medicine and biochemistry [8].…”

“…So far, boric acid chemistry [16], hydrazine chemistry, lectin affinity method [17], and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) [18,19] have become the main enrichment methods for glycopeptides. Among them, HILIC has been extensively applied in the separation and enrichment of glycopeptides [20,21], and many HILICbased materials, including metal organic frameworks (MOFs) [22] and graphene oxide [23], have been explored to capture glycopeptides [24,25]. Although a certain degree of performance has been achieved, HILIC-based nanomaterials also have the limitation of insufficient hydrophilicity.…”