Nanomaterials in Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering: Frontiers and Prospects

Abstract

The regeneration of periodontium represents important challenges to controlling infection and achieving functional regeneration. It has been recognized that tissue engineering plays a vital role in the treatment of periodontal defects, profiting from scaffolds that create the right microenvironment and deliver signaling molecules. Attributable to the excellent physicochemical and antibacterial properties, nanomaterials show great potential in stimulating tissue regeneration in tissue engineering. This article reviewed the up-to-date development of nanomaterials in scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering. The paper also represented the merits and defects of different materials, among which the biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and regeneration ability were discussed in detail. To optimize the project of choosing materials and furthermore lay the foundation for constructing a series of periodontal tissue engineering scaffolds, various nanomaterials and their applications in periodontal regeneration were introduced.

Microbial Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) Scaffold for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

“…In addition, the choice of scaffold can be critical as its chemical and physical properties provide guidance cues for the cells to behave appropriately. Scaffold biomaterials for successful tooth regeneration applications should have some requirements such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and possess mechanical properties that are consistent with the implanted area as well as being used in the appropriate amount and with an accessible volume of porosities for the diffusion of oxygen, cells, and nutrients [ 6 , 7 ]. To date, many polymeric materials have been reported to create biodegradable scaffolds for dental tissue engineering including poly(lactide) (PLA) [ 8 ], poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) [ 9 , 10 ], and polycaprolactone (PCL) [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

The Applicability of Nanostructured Materials in Regenerating Soft and Bone Tissue in the Oral Cavity—A Review

“…For the oral cavity, tissue engineering aims at the regeneration of functional tissues, with the help of nanostructured scaffolds that provide signaling molecules and cells [ 2 ]. Specifically, it allows for the controlled growth of bone and periodontal tissues with the use of scaffolds, cells, and signaling molecules [ 6 ]. In this regard, the application of nanomaterials and stem cells in tissue regeneration is a new emerging field with great potential for maxillofacial bone defects [ 6 ].…”

“…Specifically, it allows for the controlled growth of bone and periodontal tissues with the use of scaffolds, cells, and signaling molecules [ 6 ]. In this regard, the application of nanomaterials and stem cells in tissue regeneration is a new emerging field with great potential for maxillofacial bone defects [ 6 ]. Nanostructured scaffolds provide structural support closer to natural bone, while stem cells allow for the regeneration of bone tissue in places in which a certain volume of bone is crucial to achieving successful implantation [ 6 ].…”

The Influence of Scaffold Interfaces Containing Natural Bone Elements on Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Nanos and microscale pore sizes have also been shown to promote bone cell differentiation [16] and osteogenesis [17]. The successful use of nanomaterials for better osteointegration of orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering approaches has been extensively summarized in several recent reviews [16][17][18][19][20] and will not be reviewed here. This review focuses on the influences of surface properties altered by key components of bone matrix, HAp and collagen, on bone tissue engineering applications, especially poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lacticco-glycolic acid, PLGA), and chitosan, which have been widely used in clinical studies.…”