Nanomaterials-Involved Tumor-Associated Macrophages’ Reprogramming for Antitumor Therapy

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play pivotal roles in tumor development. As primary contents of tumor environment (TME), TAMs secrete inflammation-related substances to regulate tumoral occurrence and development. There are two kinds of TAMs: the tumoricidal M1-like TAMs and protumoral M2-like TAMs. Reprogramming TAMs from immunosuppressive M2 to immunocompetent M1 phenotype is considered a feasible way to improve immunotherapeutic efficiency. Notably, nanomaterials show great potential for biomedical fields due to their controllable structures and properties. There are many types of nanomaterials that exhibit great regulatory activities for TAMs’ reprogramming. In this review, the recent progress of nanomaterials-involved TAMs’ reprogramming is comprehensively discussed. The various nanomaterials for TAMs’ reprogramming and the reprogramming strategies are summarized and introduced. Additionally, the challenges and perspectives of TAMs’ reprogramming for efficient therapy are discussed, aiming to provide inspiration for TAMs’ regulator design and promote the development of TAMs-mediated immunotherapy.

Size and Surface Properties of Functionalized Organosilica Particles Impact Cell–Particle Interactions Including Mitochondrial Activity

“…Macrophages have pivotal roles in tumor microenvironment and are important targets of cancer immunotherapy. Activation of anticancer function of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and reprograming of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages to antitumor M1 macrophage using nanoparticles are under active development. , Cationic polymers like PEI stimulate macrophage antitumor activity via TLR-4 signaling . Additionally, PEI-covered poly­(lactic- co -glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles containing methotrexate with a diameter of 100 nm promoted M2 macrophage repolarization toward the antitumor M1 macrophage .…”