Nanomaterials Used in Fluorescence Polarization Based Biosensors

Abstract

Fluorescence polarization (FP) has been applied in detecting chemicals and biomolecules for early-stage diagnosis, food safety analyses, and environmental monitoring. Compared to organic dyes, inorganic nanomaterials such as quantum dots have special fluorescence properties that can enhance the photostability of FP-based biosensing. In addition, nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles, can be used as signal amplifiers to increase fluorescence polarization. In this review paper, different types of nanomaterials used in in FP-based biosensors have been reviewed. The role of each type of nanomaterial, acting as a fluorescent element and/or the signal amplifier, has been discussed. In addition, the advantages of FP-based biosensing systems have been discussed and compared with other fluorescence-based techniques. The integration of nanomaterials and FP techniques allows biosensors to quickly detect analytes in a sensitive and cost-effective manner and positively impact a variety of different fields including early-stage diagnoses.

Recent Advances in Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Food Safety Detection

“…Fluorescence is the light emitted by the excited electron paired with the electron in the ground state in the excited singlet [ 22 ]. The analysis of different analytes could be realized by using different fluorescence parameters, such as fluorescence intensity, isotropy, lifetime, quantum yield, and quenching efficiency [ 23 ]. With the continuous development of fluorescence technology, many fluorescence-based detection methods are used in different fields, such as food safety, drug delivery, environmental monitoring, and biological imaging.…”

Rapid detection of tear lactoferrin for diagnosis of dry eyes by using fluorescence polarization-based aptasensor

“…The dissociation constants (K d ) of the synthetic nucleic acid aptamers for binding to LF are in the range of 5.48 ± 1.79 to 0.63 ± 0.06 nM. The same group further reported using silver nanoparticles enhanced FP to detect LF in milk powder 32 . The results indicate that the aptamer candidates with stem-loop structure show high affinity with LF.…”

“…The results indicate that the aptamer candidates with stem-loop structure show high affinity with LF. On the other hand, graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) have been reported to act as FP amplifiers 32 . As per previous study, single strand DNA can be absorbed on the surface of GONSs through the π-π* stacking interaction of the nucleobases 33 – 35 .…”

Self-Assembly of Multivalent Aptamer-Tethered DNA Monolayers Dedicated to a Fluorescence Polarization-Responsive Circular Isothermal Strand Displacement Amplification for Salmonella Assay

“…In particular, FP-based sensors permit fast homogeneous “mixing and reading” detection without the requirements of quenchers, donor–acceptor pairs, and sample separation. , The FP signal is insensitive to sample fluorescence fluctuations and photobleaching, so it is not surprising that there has been a great deal of interest in using the FP tool for biochemical analysis. Strategically, the FP response is closely related to the rotation of a fluorophore. − Several kinds of nanomaterials including gold nanoparticles, silver nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks, and carbon nanomaterials have been applied as FP enhancers to improve the assay efficiency . However, most of these nanomaterials can intensively quench the fluorescence of a fluorophore, leading to the influence caused by scattered light for accurate FP measurement.…”

“…26−28 Several kinds of nanomaterials including gold nanoparticles, silver nanomaterials, metal−organic frameworks, and carbon nanomaterials have been applied as FP enhancers to improve the assay efficiency. 29 However, most of these nanomaterials can intensively quench the fluorescence of a fluorophore, leading to the influence caused by scattered light for accurate FP measurement. Fortunately, DNA has been recognized as a useful construction material for over 30 years for not only nanotechnology but also as signal amplifiers because of its readily programmable molecular recognition and predictable local geometry.…”