Nanomechanical detection of nuclear magnetic resonance using a silicon nanowire oscillator

Nichol, John; Hemesath, Eric R.; Lauhon, Lincoln J.; Budakian, Raffi

doi:10.1103/physrevb.85.054414

Cited by 98 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is, therefore, possible to make use of the fluctuating spin polarization, provided that we encode and measure the spin ensemble faster than the statistical correlation time. Spin measurements were performed using the modulated alternating gradients generated with currents (MAGGIC) protocol, which measures the z-axis component of the statistical spin polarization in the sample near the CFFGS [12]. In the MAGGIC protocol, an oscillating current through the CFFGS creates a magnetic field gradient G ¼ dB z /dx near the SiNW mechanical resonance frequency.…”

Section: Spin Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Resolution Nanoscale Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

et al. 2018

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We present a new method for high-resolution nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI) that combines the high spin sensitivity of nanowire-based magnetic resonance detection with high-spectralresolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Using a new method that incorporates average Hamiltonian theory into optimal control pulse engineering, we demonstrate NMR pulses that achieve high-fidelity quantum control of nuclear spins in nanometer-scale ensembles. We apply this capability to perform dynamical decoupling experiments that achieve a factor of 500 reduction of the proton-spin resonance linewidth in a ð50-nmÞ 3 volume of polystyrene. We make use of the enhanced spin coherence times to perform Fourier-transform imaging of proton spins with a one-dimensional slice thickness below 2 nm.

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Section: Spin Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CFFGS devices can generate very large time-dependent magnetic fields (∼0.1 T) and magnetic field gradients (∼10 6 T/m) over a wide frequency bandwidth (DC-GHz) [12] in nanometer-scale volumes. The gradient strengths generated are comparable to those from the powerful static gradient nanomagnets used in other MRFM experiments [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Nanoscale Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

et al. 2018

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“…The subsequent emergence of nanomechanical oscillators and evolutions in readout techniques [2][3][4] lead to impressive improvements in force sensitivity [5], enabling detection of collective spin dynamics [6][7][8], single electron spin [9], mass sensing of atoms [10,11] or inertial sensing [12]. Attractive perspectives arise too when nanoresonators are hybridized to single quantum systems, such as molecular magnets [13], spin or solid states qubits [14][15][16][17].…”

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confidence: 99%

A universal and ultrasensitive vectorial nanomechanical sensor for imaging 2D force fields

et al. 2016

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Miniaturization of force probes into nanomechanical oscillators enables ultrasensitive investigations of forces on dimensions smaller than their characteristic length scale. Meanwhile it also unravels the force field vectorial character and how its topology impacts the measurement. Here we expose an ultrasensitive method to image 2D vectorial force fields by optomechanically following the bidimensional Brownian motion of a singly clamped nanowire. This novel approach relies on angular and spectral tomography of its quasi frequency-degenerated transverse mechanical polarizations: immersing the nanoresonator in a vectorial force field does not only shift its eigenfrequencies but also rotate eigenmodes orientation as a nano-compass. This universal method is employed to map a tunable electrostatic force field whose spatial gradients can even take precedence over the intrinsic nanowire properties. Enabling vectorial force fields imaging with demonstrated sensitivities of attonewton variations over the nanoprobe Brownian trajectory will have strong impact on scientific exploration at the nanoscale.Introduction-Nanosciences were revolutionized by the invention of atomic force microscopy [1] which enabled first perceptions of the nanoworld, by measuring proximity forces exerted by a sample on a micromechanical oscillator. The subsequent emergence of nanomechanical oscillators and evolutions in readout techniques [2][3][4] lead to impressive improvements in force sensitivity [5], enabling detection of collective spin dynamics [6][7][8], single electron spin [9], mass sensing of atoms [10,11] or inertial sensing [12]. Attractive perspectives arise too when nanoresonators are hybridized to single quantum systems, such as molecular magnets [13], spin or solid states qubits [14][15][16][17]. This reduction of the probe size naturally motivates the exploration of force fields on dimensions smaller than their characteristic length scale where a great physical richness is expected, in particular for nanoscale imaging or investigations of fundamental interactions such as proximity forces or near field couplings. In this situation, measurements are performed in presence of strong force field gradients whose vectorial structure becomes crucially relevant and should be fully accounted to describe the measurement process itself [18].

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“…The values of noncontact friction were estimated to be comparable with high-frequency (1 MHz) Si nanowire resonators 45 . In force detected MRI methods, a sample should be positioned as close as possible to a nanoscale ferromagnetic tip, generating a strong magnetic force on a spin, which determines the spatial imaging resolution.…”

Section: Diamond Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 65%

Advances in diamond nanofabrication for ultrasensitive devices

Castelletto

Rosa

Blackledge³

et al. 2017

Microsyst Nanoeng

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This paper reviews some of the major recent advances in single-crystal diamond nanofabrication and its impact in nano-and micromechanical, nanophotonics and optomechanical components. These constituents of integrated devices incorporating specific dopants in the material provide the capacity to enhance the sensitivity in detecting mass and forces as well as magnetic field down to quantum mechanical limits and will lead pioneering innovations in ultrasensitive sensing and precision measurements in the realm of the medical sciences, quantum sciences and related technologies. INTRODUCTIONDiamond is an ideal platform for nano-and microfabrication leading to a range of robust sensors. This is due to the outstanding mechanical and wide spectral optical transparency of diamond, combined with biocompatibility and lack of toxicity in both bulk and nanostructures. Moreover, diamond can be fabricated with high purity and control using chemical vapor deposition. However, due to its hardness and cost, some of its applications in nanomechanics, optomechanics and nanophotonics reside mainly in its polycrystalline or nanocrystalline forms, which do not always retain the nuance of the outstanding properties of monocrystalline diamond.A recent review 1 describes diamond optical and mechanical properties compared to other materials currently used for optomechanical components (Si, Si 3 N 4 , SiC, and α-Al 2 O 3 ), showing that, in principle, there are more favorable properties of diamond for nanomechanical and optomechanical realizations. Therefore, a considerable effort has been taking place over the last five years to exploit these properties in a wide spectrum of diamond nanosystems. To date, single crystal diamond utilization for nanomechanical components 2 , (for example, nano electromechanical systems (NEMS) and micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)), as well for nanophotonics 3,4 compared to above mentioned materials, has been limited due to its growth requirements. In fact, a single crystal diamond cannot be grown on any other substrate than itself. This prevents wafer-scale processing and it represents a challenge in the application of conventional diamond nanofabrication methods. On the other hand, polycrystalline diamond films, which can be grown in high quality from 4 to 6 inches' wafers 5 , permit to fabricate optomechanical components with quality factors and oscillation frequencies rivaling single crystal diamond 6 .

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Nanomechanical detection of nuclear magnetic resonance using a silicon nanowire oscillator

Cited by 98 publications

References 24 publications

High-Resolution Nanoscale Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

High-Resolution Nanoscale Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

A universal and ultrasensitive vectorial nanomechanical sensor for imaging 2D force fields

Advances in diamond nanofabrication for ultrasensitive devices

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