Nanomedicine

Jain, Kewal K.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-218-2_12

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…New technologies are applied for constructing innovative formulations and delivering them. A detailed account of technologies for drug delivery is presented elsewhere [6] . The current focus is on targeted drug delivery.…”

Section: Nanotechnology-based Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicine: Application of Nanobiotechnology in Medical Practice

Jain¹

2008

Med Princ Pract

209

126

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Nanomedicine is the application of nanobiotechnologies to medicine. This article starts with the basics of nanobiotechnology, followed by its applications in molecular diagnostics, nanodiagnostics, and improvements in the discovery, design and delivery of drugs, including nanopharmaceuticals. It will improve biological therapies such as vaccination, cell therapy and gene therapy. Nanobiotechnology forms the basis of many new devices being developed for medicine and surgery such as nanorobots. It has applications in practically every branch of medicine and examples are presented of those concerning cancer (nanooncology), neurological disorders (nanoneurology), cardiovascular disorders (nanocardiology), diseases of bones and joints (nanoorthopedics), diseases of the eye (nanoophthalmology), and infectious diseases. Safety issues of in vivo use of nanomaterials are also discussed. Nanobiotechnology will facilitate the integration of diagnostics with therapeutics and facilitate the development of personalized medicine, i.e. prescription of specific therapeutics best suited for an individual. Many of the developments have already started and within a decade a definite impact will be felt in the practice of medicine.

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Section: Nanotechnology-based Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicine: Application of Nanobiotechnology in Medical Practice

Jain¹

2008

Med Princ Pract

209

126

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“…Nanotechnology is applied to biotechnology, as denoted by the term nanobiotechnology, because of the nanoscale functional components of living cells. Drug delivery is one of the important applications of nanobiotechnology [3] . The small size of the nanoparticles enables them to penetrate the BBB and facilitate delivery of drugs across the barrier.…”

Section: Application Of Nanobiotechnology To Cns Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System

Jain

2007

Neurodegener Dis

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Background: Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major limitation in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Several approaches are being investigated to improve drug delivery across the BBB. Objective/Methods: This review deals with the role of nanobiotechnology in CNS drug delivery. The small size of the nanoparticles enables them to penetrate the BBB and facilitate the delivery of drugs across the barrier. Several mechanisms are involved in this process and various strategies are used based on different types of nanomaterial and combinations with therapeutic agents. Examples are given of the use of liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Results: Nanoparticles can be used as nonviral vectors for CNS gene therapy. Although the use of nanotechnology is expected to reduce the need for invasive procedures for delivery of therapeutics to the CNS, some devices such as implanted catheters and reservoirs will still be needed. Nanomaterials can improve the safety and efficacy of such devices. Nano-engineered probes can deliver drugs at the cellular level using nanofluidic channels. There is some concern about the safety of nanoparticle entry in the brain and this needs to be resolved before human use. Conclusion: Although there is no approved nanotechnology-based CNS drug as yet that incorporates nanobiotechnology, the future for such developments is promising.

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“…Risk evaluation presents challenges because of a lack of data, the complexity of nanomaterials, measurement difficulties and undeveloped hazard assessment frameworks. This topic is discussed in detail in a chapter of a special report on nanobiotechnology [ 43 ]. Detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this article, but some of the conclusions of this review are listed below:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the field of nanooncology

Jain

2010

BMC Med

181

130

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Nanooncology, the application of nanobiotechnology to the management of cancer, is currently the most important chapter of nanomedicine. Nanobiotechnology has refined and extended the limits of molecular diagnosis of cancer, for example, through the use of gold nanoparticles and quantum dots. Nanobiotechnology has also improved the discovery of cancer biomarkers, one such example being the sensitive detection of multiple protein biomarkers by nanobiosensors. Magnetic nanoparticles can capture circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream followed by rapid photoacoustic detection. Nanoparticles enable targeted drug delivery in cancer that increases efficacy and decreases adverse effects through reducing the dosage of anticancer drugs administered. Nanoparticulate anticancer drugs can cross some of the biological barriers and achieve therapeutic concentrations in tumor and spare the surrounding normal tissues from toxic effects. Nanoparticle constructs facilitate the delivery of various forms of energy for noninvasive thermal destruction of surgically inaccessible malignant tumors. Nanoparticle-based optical imaging of tumors as well as contrast agents to enhance detection of tumors by magnetic resonance imaging can be combined with delivery of therapeutic agents for cancer. Monoclonal antibody nanoparticle complexes are under investigation for diagnosis as well as targeted delivery of cancer therapy. Nanoparticle-based chemotherapeutic agents are already on the market, and several are in clinical trials. Personalization of cancer therapies is based on a better understanding of the disease at the molecular level, which is facilitated by nanobiotechnology. Nanobiotechnology will facilitate the combination of diagnostics with therapeutics, which is an important feature of a personalized medicine approach to cancer.

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Nanomedicine

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Nanomedicine: Application of Nanobiotechnology in Medical Practice

Nanomedicine: Application of Nanobiotechnology in Medical Practice

Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System

Advances in the field of nanooncology

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