Nanomedicine and nanoparticle-based delivery systems in plastic and reconstructive surgery

Abstract

Background Nanotechnology and nanomedicine are rising novel fields in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS). The use of nanomaterials often goes with regenerative medicine. Due to their nanoscale, these materials stimulate repair at the cellular and molecular levels. Nanomaterials may be placed as components of nanocomposite polymers allowing enhancement of overall biochemical and biomechanical properties with improved scaffold properties, cellular attachment, and tissue regeneration. They may also be formulated as nanoparticle-based delivery systems for controlled release of signal factors or antimicrobials, for example. However, more studies on nanoparticle-based delivery systems still need to be done in this field. Nanomaterials are also used as frameworks for nerves, tendons, and other soft tissues. Main body In this mini-review, we focus on nanoparticle-based delivery systems and nanoparticles targeting cells for response and regeneration in PRS. Specifically, we investigate their roles in various tissue regeneration, skin and wound healing, and infection control. Cell surface-targeted, controlled-release, and inorganic nanoparticle formulations with inherent biological properties have enabled enhanced wound healing, tumor visualization/imaging, tissue viability, and decreased infection, and graft/transplantation rejection through immunosuppression. Conclusions Nanomedicine is also now being applied with electronics, theranostics, and advanced bioengineering technologies. Overall, it is a promising field that can improve patient clinical outcomes in PRS.

Nanomaterials-Based Hybrid Bioink Platforms in Advancing 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Regenerative Medicine

“…Lee et al (2018) employed cationic-modified silica nanoparticles, achieving high printability and fidelity for large-sized 3D bioprinting. ,, Meanwhile, nSi, like laponite, exhibits high aspect ratios and biofunctionality, enhancing bone and organ tissue engineering. ,, However, high laponite concentrations may hinder mechanical properties, mitigated by amine-terminated polyethylene glycol (AT-PEG) stabilization for improved outcomes . Despite challenges, silicate-based bioinks show promise in various applications, including tissue engineering and drug delivery. ,,, …”

“…149 Despite challenges, silicate-based bioinks show promise in various applications, including tissue engineering and drug delivery. 20,148,150,151 SiNPs enhance bioink viscosity and printability with potential immunomodulatory effects. Cationic-modified SiNPs offer high printability, but high laponite concentrations may hinder mechanical properties, which are addressed by AT-PEG stabilization.…”