Nanomedicines accessible in the market for clinical interventions

Neurotrophic Factors in Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Trials, Open Challenges and Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery to the Brain

“…Despite the relatively long history of nanomedicine, however, there were only 56 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nanomedicines on the market in 2016 ( Bobo et al, 2016 ) and around 30 nanomedicines approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2018 ( Soares et al, 2018 ). However, the number of approved medicines is growing rapidly, and more than dozen of nanomedicines are currently in clinical trials ( Gadekar et al, 2021 ). Remarkably, one of the last approved nanomedicines are lipid-based NPs that are now a key component of COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines, BioNTech/Pfizer’s BNT162b2 and Moderna’s mRNA-1273 ( Shin et al, 2020 ; Nature Reviews Material Editorial, 2021 ), demonstrating increasing importance of nanomedicines.…”

Lipid Nanoparticle Technology for Delivering Biologically Active Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides

“…The translation of fatty acids and monoglyc ides into clinically feasible therapies is further challenged by formulation hurdles caus by low aqueous solubility and dispersibility [16,19]. To address these issues, there h been extensive attention placed on developing lipid nanoparticle technologies to enca sulate biologically active fatty acids and monoglycerides and there are several compelli reasons to do so: (1) stable supramolecular structures enable biological functionality fatty acids and monoglycerides along with improving dispersibility; (2) nanoscale size ideal for interfacing with biological targets such as bacterial cells and virus particles; a (3) additionally, nanoscale size enables the potential for cellular uptake, which could le to fatty acids and monoglycerides exhibiting both intracellular and extracellular activiti Moreover, lipid nanoparticles are the most common class of FDA-and EMA-a proved nanomedicines [20], representing a technological platform that offers an asso ment of modifiable features such as size, shape, charge, surface properties (including l and presentation), and responsiveness that can be engineered to increase cargo loadi capacity, chemical stability, and capability to cross various biological barriers dependi on the application context. The fundamental concepts, mechanisms, and emerging stra gies used in nanoparticle development to overcome biological barriers on the system local, and cellular levels have been recently reviewed elsewhere [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

“…Moreover, lipid nanoparticles are the most common class of FDA- and EMA-approved nanomedicines [ 20 ], representing a technological platform that offers an assortment of modifiable features such as size, shape, charge, surface properties (including ligand presentation), and responsiveness that can be engineered to increase cargo loading capacity, chemical stability, and capability to cross various biological barriers depending on the application context. The fundamental concepts, mechanisms, and emerging strategies used in nanoparticle development to overcome biological barriers on the systemic, local, and cellular levels have been recently reviewed elsewhere [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

NMR diffusometry: A new perspective for nanomedicine exploration

“…Despite a tremendous amount of research in the last decades, only around fifty nanomedicines were approved by the Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency and are currently on the market [1]. A legitimate question, therefore, arises about the reasons for such a disappointing outcome [2,3].…”