“…Applications range from fields such as human and animal health (Ivnitski et al, 1999;Lazcka et al, 2007;Luppa et al, 2011;Sanvicens et al, 2009;Schmitt and Henderson, 2005;Tothill, 2001;Wilson and Gifford, 2005), food safety (Amine et al, 2006;Arora et al, 2011;Ivnitski et al, 2000;Leonard et al, 2003;Mello and Kubota, 2002;O'Kennedy et al, 2005;Patel, 2002;Van Dorst et al, 2010;Velusamy et al, 2010), environmental monitoring, including biological threat agents detection (Amine et al, 2006;Iqbal et al, 2000;Rodriguez-Mozaz et al, 2004Rogers, 1995;Rogers and Gerlach, 1999;Van Dorst et al, 2010;Velasco-Garcia and Mottram, 2003) to analysis of drinking water quality (Leonard et al, 2003;Mello and Kubota, 2002;Noble and Weisberg, 2005;O'Kennedy et al, 2005). Among the large number of existing biosensor types, e.g.…”