Nanoparticle formation in a chemical storage room as a new incidental nanoaerosol source at a nanomaterial workplace

Kim, K.H.; Kim, J.B.; Ji, Jun Ho; Lee, S.B.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.002

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…From a material point of view, solid materials were the highest emitters, while liquid materials emitted less particles albeit nucleation of VOCs and gas-to-particle conversion are known sources of particles. (23,24) High dust concentrations (25) were detected only during postprocessing of PBF and MJF manufactured objects, and no increased CO 2 concentrations were detected in any manufacturing or post-process. However, low concentrations (22) of CO were detected during several manufacturing processes, but the sources were usually unidentified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to gaseous and particulate contaminants originating from additive manufacturing of liquid, powdered, and filament plastic materials and related post-processes

Väisänen

Hyttinen

Ylönen

et al. 2019

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of gaseous and particulate contaminants originated from additive manufacturing operations and post-processes in an occupational setting when A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t plastics were used as feedstock materials. Secondary aims were to evaluate the concentration levels based on proposed exposure limits and target values and to propose means to reduce exposure to contaminants released in additive manufacturing processes. Volatile organic compounds were sampled with Tenax® TA adsorption tubes and analyzed with thermo desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument. Carbonyl compounds were sampled with DNPH-Silica cartridges and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography device. Particles were measured with P-Trak instrument and indoor air quality was sampled with IAQ-Calc instrument. Dust mass concentrations were measured simultaneously with DustTrak DRX instrument and IOM-samplers. Particle concentrations were at highest (2070-81 890 #/cm 3 mean) during manufacturing with methods where plastics were thermally processed. Total volatile organic compounds concentrations, in contrast, were low (113-317 µg/m 3 mean) during manufacturing with such methods, and vat photopolymerization method. However, total volatile organic compounds concentrations of material jetting and multi jet fusion methods were higher (1114-2496 µg/m 3 mean), perhaps because of material and binder spraying, where part of the spray can become aerosolized. Chemical treatment of manufactured objects was found to be a severe volatile organic compounds source as well. Formaldehyde was detected in low concentrations (3-40 µg/m 3) in all methods except for material jetting method, in addition to several other carbonyl compounds. Notable dust concentrations (1.4-9.1 mg/m 3) were detected only during post-processing of powder bed fusion and multi jet fusion manufactured objects. Indoor air quality parameters were not found to be notably impacted by manufacturing operations. Only low concentrations (below 2 ppm) of CO were detected during several manufacturing processes. All studied additive manufacturing operations emitted potentially harmful contaminants into their environments, which should be considered in occupational additive manufacturing and workplace design. According to the measured contaminant levels it is possible that adverse additive manufacturing related health effects may occur amongst exposed workers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to gaseous and particulate contaminants originating from additive manufacturing of liquid, powdered, and filament plastic materials and related post-processes

Väisänen

Hyttinen

Ylönen

et al. 2019

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…There are thousands of companies globally involved in the production and application of nanomaterials, which unavoidably causes some environmental and health concerns. For example, the chemical storage room has been found to be a significant source of incidental nanoaerosol production within the workplace, generating a rate of 63.8 particles/cm/s with a number of VOCs . How to insulate these ultrafine materials from workers and clean them efficiently in a more facile manner is a challenge for both industry and academia.…”

Section: Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the chemical storage room has been found to be a significant source of incidental nanoaerosol production within the workplace, generating a rate of 63.8 particles/cm 3 /s with a number of VOCs. 46 How to insulate these ultrafine materials from workers and clean them efficiently in a more facile manner is a challenge for both industry and academia. Solventassisted dust capture technologies, e.g.…”

Section: ■ Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Filtration of SiO₂ Nanoparticles Aerosolized from Different Solvents

Wang

Cai

Chen

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The filtration performance of a fibrous filter in removing nano-SiO aerosols atomized using different solvents including methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, water, and the ethanol/water mixture has been investigated. Through discrete element method (DEM) simulation and filtration experiments, the efficiency variation caused by the combinative interaction of the particle-filter adhesion and interparticle attraction has been analyzed and verified. The adhesion force between the solvent-coated nanoparticles and the filter is considered as the key factor to influence their initial filtration efficiency and can be balanced by their interparticle interaction. The stronger the adhesion, the higher the initial filtration efficiency. Primary aggregate is formed through the particle-fiber interaction, and further agglomerate is caused by particle migration on the fibers, i.e. secondary aggregate. Hydrogen bonding interaction is considered as the main factor causing interparticle secondary agglomeration, and plenty of OH groups existing in the nano-SiO aerosols yielded from alcohol promotes the particle secondary aggregation. As a result, the Brown diffusion capture of the filter is significantly abated, and the as-formed agglomerate is scraped off the filter surface by the alcohol molecules, causing the filtration efficiency decreases. This study highlights the surface affinity properties of nanoaerosols and their balance between particle-particle and particle-fiber interactions in the filtration process.

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“…Aktifitas pengecatan menghasilkan partikulat sekunder yang merupakan reaksi antara ozon dan gas precursor yang berasal dari penggunaan cat dan pelarut (solvent) (Hovorka and Braniš, 2011;Lazaridis et al, 2015). Pembentukan partikel ini berlangsung melalui proses nukleasi yang menghasilkan partikel dengan ukuran < 100 nm (Hovorka and Braniš, 2011;Kim et al, 2015;Lazaridis et al, 2015). Proses nukleasi terjadi karena adanya reaksi volatile organic compound (VOC) yang terdapat pada cat dan pelarut (solvent) dengan ozon di udara ambien (Celebi and Vardar, 2008;Nørgaard et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Review: Partikulat Sekunder Dari Aktifitas Pengecatan

Santiasih

2016

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Proses pengecatan menghasilkan partikulat yang berasal dari penggunaan cat dan pelarut (solvent). Partikulat yang dihasilkan dari proses pengecatan dapat berupa partikulat primer dan sekunder. Partikulat sekunder merupakan hasil reaksi kimia antara volatile organic compound (VOC) dari cat dan pelarut (solvent) yang digunakan, dengan ozon di udara ambien. Proses pembentukan partikulat sekunder dari aktifitas pengecatan melalui proses nukleasi yang menghasilkan partikulat dengan diameter aerodinamis < 100 nm. Ukuran partikulat yang sangat kecil meningkatkan resiko munculnya gangguan kesehatan pada manusia yang terpapar, baik pada paparan akut maupun kronis pada konsentrasi tertentu. Hal ini dikarenakan partikulat dapat dengan mudah menembus paru-paru bahkan dapat terdifusi dalam peredaran darah. Pengendalian terhadap variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi partikulat antara lain VOC dan ozon merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan konsentrasi partikulat pada aktifitas pengecatan, selain pengendalian teknis seperti penggunaan heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC).

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Nanoparticle formation in a chemical storage room as a new incidental nanoaerosol source at a nanomaterial workplace

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Occupational exposure to gaseous and particulate contaminants originating from additive manufacturing of liquid, powdered, and filament plastic materials and related post-processes

Occupational exposure to gaseous and particulate contaminants originating from additive manufacturing of liquid, powdered, and filament plastic materials and related post-processes

Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Filtration of SiO₂ Nanoparticles Aerosolized from Different Solvents

Review: Partikulat Sekunder Dari Aktifitas Pengecatan

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Nanoparticle formation in a chemical storage room as a new incidental nanoaerosol source at a nanomaterial workplace

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Occupational exposure to gaseous and particulate contaminants originating from additive manufacturing of liquid, powdered, and filament plastic materials and related post-processes

Occupational exposure to gaseous and particulate contaminants originating from additive manufacturing of liquid, powdered, and filament plastic materials and related post-processes

Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Filtration of SiO2 Nanoparticles Aerosolized from Different Solvents

Review: Partikulat Sekunder Dari Aktifitas Pengecatan

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Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Filtration of SiO₂ Nanoparticles Aerosolized from Different Solvents