Nanoparticle formulations of cisplatin for cancer therapy

Abstract

The genotoxic agent cisplatin, used alone or in combination with radiation and/or other chemotherapeutic agents, is an important first-line chemotherapy for a broad range of cancers. The clinical utility of cisplatin is limited both by intrinsic and acquired resistance and dose-limiting normal tissue toxicity. That cisplatin shows little selectivity for tumor versus normal tissue may be a critical factor limiting its value. To overcome the low therapeutic ratio of the free drug, macromolecular, liposomal and nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been explored toward leveraging the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and promoting delivery of cisplatin to tumors. Here, we survey recent advances in nanoparticle formulations of cisplatin, focusing on agents that show promise in preclinical or clinical settings.

Investigation of the potential antitumor radioactive complex of platinum(II) with tetracycline

“…The combined-modality approaches show good prognosis for the treatment of unrespectable tumors. The results presented here reinforce the literature [8,11,13] about the additional tumor cells killing action of platinum compounds. The synergetic radio and chemotherapeutic effect was demonstrated with different preparations of [Tc-Pt(II)]* using the radioisotopes 191 Pt, 195m Pt or natural platinum with a required radiochemical purity.…”

“…The synergy of two different mechanism may reduce the chemotherapy drug dose, frequently associated with severe or undesirable side effects providing significant benefits for the patients. Initial investigations have showed positive results in this direction [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Combination of graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle nanocomposites and cisplatin enhances apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells

“…15 To overcome nonselective distribution of the drug between normal and tumor tissue, nanoparticles (NPs) are being used as drug-delivery agents or single cytotoxic agents for cancer cells, due to their unique characteristics, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect. 16 Several inorganic NPs have been used with Cis to enhance the effect, eg, ferromagnetic NPs show a synergistic effect with Cis in hyperthermia on the microvasculature, stroma, and/or tumor cells, leading to enhanced accumulation, uptake, and effects of multiple cytotoxic agents. 17 The combination of gold NPs and Cis has shown enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in mouse models.…”

Repurposing platinum-based chemotherapies for multi-modal treatment of glioblastoma

“…For a comprehensive review of cisplatin NP formulations, see ref 58. Several PEGylated cisplatin NP formulations have advanced to clinical trials for NSCLC, pancreatic, breast, and other cancers.…”

“…Several PEGylated cisplatin NP formulations have advanced to clinical trials for NSCLC, pancreatic, breast, and other cancers. 58 Lipoplatin, a PEGylated liposomal cisplatin formulation, has been shown to lower side effects and specifically reduce nephrotoxicity compared to free cisplatin. 59 In a phase III clinical trial, patients with NSCLC treated with Lipoplatin had a better response rate and fewer toxicities compared to patients treated with free cisplatin.…”