Nanoparticle immunoagglutination Rayleigh scatter assay to complement microparticle immunoagglutination Mie scatter assay in a microfluidic device

Droplet-based immunoassay on a ‘sticky’ nanofibrous surface for multiplexed and dual detection of bacteria using smartphones

“…As expected, both light scatter and fluorescence signals increased with concentration. Dips in the standard curves (around 10 5 CFU mL À 1 for both E. coli and Salmonella) were observed, similar to the dips found in the other immunoagglutination assays (Heinze et al, 2010;Heinze and Yoon, 2011), as well as the Mie scatter simulations (Fig. 5A).…”

Smartphone-Based Optofluidic Lab-on-a-Chip for Detecting Pathogens from Blood

“…In Heinze et al 17 and Heinze and Yoon, 23 there were noticeable dips in the standard curves, while Figure 5 does not show any dip. This dip indicates the growth of microbeads beyond the triplets.…”

“…This dip indicates the growth of microbeads beyond the triplets. 23 The nonexistence of a dip indicates that the microbeads did not immunoagglutinate beyond doublet or triplet form; only a fraction of immunoagglutinated particles increased against the target antigen concentration. This can be explained by the use of the Tween-80 surfactant, which effectively prevented the formation of large immunoagglutinated clumps.…”

Applications of nanomaterials as vaccine adjuvants

“…In the following sections, the immunomodulatory activities of nanomaterials, including inflammasome activation, recruitment of immune cells and complement system activation, will be introduced. 12,13,21,22,33,34,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][87][88][89][90] The potential mechanisms for these effects will also be discussed to facilitate an in-depth understanding of the inherent adjuvant activity of nanomaterials.…”

“…12,[49][50][51]89,90 The degree of complement activation induced by nanomaterials is determined by their surface chemistry and size. Nanoparticles functionalized with different lipid-anchored gadolinium chelates were shown to induce rapid complement activation-dependent IgM antibody production and were propagated via the classical pathway.…”