Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery System for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Abstract

Nanoparticles have been used as a novel drug delivery system. Drug-incorporated nanoparticles for local delivery might optimize the efficacy and minimize the side effects of drugs. The efficacy and safety of intratracheal administration of prostacyclin analog (beraprost)-incorporated nanoparticles and imatinib, a PDGF-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, -incorporated nanoparticles in Sugen-hypoxia-normoxia or monocrotaline rat models of PAH and in human PAH-pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells have been reported. The use of inhaled drug-incorporated nanoparticles might be a novel approach for treatment of PAH.

Nano-delivery to the lung - by inhalation or other routes and why nano when micro is largely sufficient?

“…However, many nanoformulations, still in pre-clinical development show promising perspectives. Few current clinical trials of nanomedicine related to respiratory diseases have been reported, and the clinically known applications of nanocarriers are liposomes [65,126] in non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and lung cancer, and PLGA in pulmonary arterial hypertension [127]. Table 1, far from being exhaustive, presents some examples to illustrate the potential of nano-delivery systems loaded with different agents (antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents…) for the potential treatment of various respiratory diseases.…”

New perspectives in nanotherapeutics for chronic respiratory diseases

“…In the past 20 years, several drugs have become available for PAH treatment, including prostacyclin (prostaglandin I 2 ), endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i), and a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator. However, their full therapeutic effects are hampered by nonadherence and side effects, and PAH is still an aggressive and fatal disorder for many patients (Nakamura et al 2017).…”

“…A phase I, investigator-initiated clinical trial to test the efficacy of PLGA NP-mediated delivery of pitavastatin (UMIN000014940) has recently been completed (Nakamura et al 2017). Future clinical trials may prove the safety and efficacy of a nano-drug delivery system for PAH.…”

Application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems for respiratory diseases (Review)

“…Briefly, in the process of developing nanomedicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases, it is necessary to systematically explore the interaction between the nanomedicine and the respiratory system, including in vitro and in vivo detection methods to measure the genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and tissue toxicity of the drug ( 119 ), in order to thoroughly examine the safety, tolerability and therapeutic effect of NPs in treatment. Although some preclinical studies have shown promising application prospects, the current clinical trials of nanomedicine related to respiratory diseases remain limited, and the clinically known applications of nanocarriers are liposomes ( 48 , 49 ) in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and lung cancer, and PLGA in pulmonary arterial hypertension ( 120 ).…”