Nanoparticle toxicity by the gastrointestinal route: evidence and knowledge gaps

Bergin, Ingrid L.; Witzmann, Frank A.

doi:10.1504/ijbnn.2013.054515

Cited by 326 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(344 reference statements)

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“…It has been proved that nanoparticles when used in a high dose could provide toxic results. Several in vivo studies proved that low dose of nanoparticles provides nontoxic results [45]. Nanoparticles which could be used in the treatment of gastric cancer still shows side effects which have been found out by different experimentation.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles to Deal with Gastric Cancer

Kuddus¹

2017

J Gastrointest Cancer Stromal Tumor

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Nanomedicine has become a comprehensive field of medical science since the invention of nanoparticles namely nanotechnology. Uses of nanocarrier ease the way to deliver drugs more easily to deal with deadly diseases like cancer. Gastric cancer, another common form of cancer worldwide has little treatment option which makes it dangerous to deal with. Use of nanoparticles could boost up the process of developing new drugs in order to deal with this life threatening disease.

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Section: Toxicity Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles to Deal with Gastric Cancer

Kuddus¹

2017

J Gastrointest Cancer Stromal Tumor

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“…Additionally, growing use of NP may lead to increased environmental contamination and unintentional ingestion via water, food animals, or fish [12]. Considering that the small intestine is the site of most nutrient digestion and absorption, including carbohydrates, peptides, and fats as well as it also serves secretory and protective immune functions, alterations of this complex system can exert pleiotropic effects [12]. Indeed, the present study explored the potential effects of TiO 2 NP at small intestine level following in vivo study by repeated oral administration in adult male and female rats, at dose levels relevant to human dietary intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo and in vitro toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on small intestine

Tassinari¹,

Rocca²,

Stecca³

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. In European Union, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as bulk material is a food additive (E171) and -as nanoparticle (NP) -is used as a white pigment in several products (e.g. food, cosmetics, drugs). E171 contains approximately 36% of particles less than 100 nm in at least one dimension and TiO 2 NP exposure is estimated fairly below 2.5 mg/person/day. The gastrointestinal tract is a route of entry for NPs, thus representing a potential target of effects. In in vivo study, the effects of TiO 2 NP in adult rat small intestine have been evaluated by oral administration of 0 (CTRL), 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight per day -relevant to human dietary intake. Detailed quali/quantitative histopathological analyses were performed on CTRL and treated rat samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed on small intestine. An in vitro study on Caco-2 cells was also used in order to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects directly on enterocytes through the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Suspensions of TiO 2 NPs for in vitro and in vivo study were characterized by EM. Histomorphometrical data showed treatmentrelated changes of villus height and widths in male rats. Significantly different from CTRL decreased LDH levels in the medium were detected in vitro at 24h with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/cm 2 levels of TiO 2 NPs. SEM analysis showed no damaged areas. Overall the results showed that enterocytes may represent a target of TiO 2 NP toxicity by direct exposure both in vivo and in vitro models.

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“…46 It has been reported that Cu NPs or CuO NPs have high solubility in acidic milieu (pH 5.5) with high positive zeta potential. 25,35 Thus, the high dissolution and zeta potential of Cu NPs in acidic conditions reflect a considerable interaction of Cu NPs within acidic milieu simulating the stomach.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47,48 The rate of dissolution also affects the absorption and biological response of NPs. 46 Comparative kinetic study of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs revealed that the higher absorption and more extensive organ distribution of ZnO NPs might be due to their higher dissolution rate in acidic gastric fluid than TiO 2 NPs, which have minimal dissolution in acidic milieu. 49 It has been reported that Cu levels in serum and kidney of nano-Cu (75 mg/kg)-treated mice are elevated at 24 hours and remain at the higher level until 72 hours when compared to equivalent Cu mass of ion-Cu (147.6 mg/kg, equivalent 70 mg/kg on Cu mass).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, high dose of NPs increases the potential for aggregation, subsequently decreasing the absorption of NPs from gastrointestinal tract. 46 Thus, aggregation of NPs in gastrointestinal tract can lead to decreased absorption. 50,51 In view of this point, low and delayed uptake of Cu dissociated from Cu NPs may be due to increased aggregation and subsequent decreased dissolution of Cu NPs in physiological milieu that attributed to slow increase and less accumulation of Cu in organs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative toxicity and biodistribution of copper nanoparticles and cupric ions in rats

Lee¹,

Ko²,

Park³

et al. 2016

IJN

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Despite widespread use and prospective biomedical applications of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), their biosafety issues and kinetics remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the detailed in vivo toxicity of Cu NPs and cupric ions (CuCl 2 ; Cu ions) after a single oral dose. We determined the physicochemical characteristics of Cu NPs, including morphology, hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and dissolution in gastric (pH 1.5), vehicle (pH 6.5), and intestinal (pH 7.8) conditions. We also evaluated the kinetics of Cu following a single equivalent dose (500 mg/kg) of Cu NPs and Cu ions. Cu NPs had highest dissolution (84.5%) only in gastric conditions when compared with complete dissolution of Cu ions under various physiological milieus. Kinetic analysis revealed that highest Cu levels in blood and tested organs of Cu NP-treated rats were 15%–25% lower than that of Cu ions. Similar to the case of Cu ions, Cu levels in the tested organs (especially liver, kidney, and spleen) of Cu NP-treated rats increased significantly when compared with the vehicle control. However, delay in reaching the highest level and biopersistence of Cu were observed in the blood and tested organs of Cu NP-treated rats compared with Cu ions. Extremely high levels of Cu in feces indicated that unabsorbed Cu NPs or absorbed Cu ions were predominantly eliminated through liver/feces. Cu NPs exerted apparent toxicological effects at higher dose levels compared with Cu ions and showed sex-dependent differences in mortality, biochemistry, and histopathology. Liver, kidney, and spleen were the major organs affected by Cu NPs. Collectively, the toxicity and kinetics of Cu NPs are most likely influenced by the release of Cu dissociated from Cu NPs under physiological conditions.

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Nanoparticle toxicity by the gastrointestinal route: evidence and knowledge gaps

Cited by 326 publications

References 204 publications

Nanoparticles to Deal with Gastric Cancer

Nanoparticles to Deal with Gastric Cancer

In vivo and in vitro toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on small intestine

Comparative toxicity and biodistribution of copper nanoparticles and cupric ions in rats

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