Nature uses enzymes to dissociate and transfer H 2 by combining Fe 2+ and H + acceptor/donor catalytic active sites. Following a biomimetic approach, it is reported here that very small planar Fe 2,3+ oxide nanoparticles (2.0 ± 0.5 nm) supported on slightly acidic inorganic oxides (nanocrystalline TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , ZnO) act as bifunctional catalysts to dissociate and transfer H 2 to alkynes chemo-and stereoselectively. This catalyst is synthesized by oxidative dispersion of Fe 0 nanoparticles at the isoelectronic point of the support. The resulting Fe 2+,3+ solid catalyzes not only, in batch, the semihydrogenation of different alkynes with good yields but also the removal of acetylene from ethylene streams with >99.9% conversion and selectivity. These efficient and robust non-noble-metal catalysts, alternative to existing industrial technologies based on Pd, constitute a step forward toward the design of fully sustainable and nontoxic selective hydrogenation solid catalysts.