Nanoparticles as Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Remineralizing Agents in Oral Care Cosmetics: A Review of the Current Situation

Abstract

Many investigations have pointed out widespread use of medical nanosystems in various domains of dentistry such as prevention, prognosis, care, tissue regeneration, and restoration. The progress of oral medicine nanosystems for individual prophylaxis is significant for ensuring bacterial symbiosis and high-quality oral health. Nanomaterials in oral cosmetics are used in toothpaste and other mouthwash to improve oral healthcare performance. These processes cover nanoparticles and nanoparticle-based materials, especially domains of application related to biofilm management in cariology and periodontology. Likewise, nanoparticles have been integrated in diverse cosmetic produces for the care of enamel remineralization and dental hypersensitivity. This review summarizes the indications and applications of several widely employed nanoparticles in oral cosmetics, and describes the potential clinical implementation of nanoparticles as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and remineralizing agents in the prevention of dental caries, hypersensitivity, and periodontitis.

COVID-19: A Recommendation to Examine the Effect of Mouthrinses with β-Cyclodextrin Combined with Citrox in Preventing Infection and Progression

“…There is currently a large variety of over-the-counter mouth rinses available, which contain a wide range of active ingredients with for each having specific indication [20]. Cosmetic mouth rinses can temporary control halitosis and taste pleasant, but have no biological or chemical application that goes beyond their immediate benefit [21].…”

“…On the other hand, therapeutic mouth rinses include active ingredients that are designed to modify the oral microbiota for conditions such as gingivitis, dental caries, plaque, and bad breath. A new generation of therapeutic oral biofilm rinses developed to control virulent bacteria have added metals, metal oxides, and other nanoparticles, which appear to be promising alternatives due to their distinct physio-chemical properties [20].…”

“…The modified sugar molecules attract viruses before irreversibly inactivating them. By disrupting the outer shell of a virus, they can destroy infectious particles by simple contact, rather than just blocking viral growth [20]. This property of β-CDs can potentially be exploited for the reduction of viral load in the oral cavity with the use of disinfectant solutions.…”

Mouthwashes and Nasal Sprays as a Way to Prevent the Spread of SARS-CoV-2

“…Methylated beta-cyclodextrin has been found to reduce the influenza A virus and the infectivity of some coronaviruses by sequestering cholesterol from viral particles or depleting it from host cell membranes (Pratelli & Colao, 2015). Therefore, the use of CDs in mouthwash and nasal sprays, together with oxidizing agents such as Citrox® (an antimicrobial with oxidizing activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses) (Tait et al, 2006), may reduce viral load and transport of SARS-CoV-2 (Carrouel et al;Zhang & Liu, 2020;.…”

“…While several studies are currently underway to develop treatments and vaccines, few are focused on nasopharyngeal region intervention (Felsenstein et al, 2020). According to the evidence, among the compounds with antiviral capacity, what could be safe to use in contact with mucosa are povidone-iodine, hydrogen peroxide, modified cyclodextrins and PUL-042, a synthetic inhalation drug (Eggers et al, 2018;Kampf et al, 2020;Carrouel et al, 2020;Leiva-Juarez et al, 2018).…”