Nanoparticles Carrying Biological Molecules: Recent Advances and Applications

Abstract

In the past few decades, enormous advances have been achieved in the field of particle technology and the trend has been shifted from macro to micro and recently to the nanoscale. Integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology has paved the way to the development of biological nanoparticles, derived from biomolecules, and biomolecule-nanoparticle conjugates for numerous applications. This review provides an overview of various types of biological nanoparticles and the methods of their fabrication with primary emphasis on the drying methods, particularly on the newly emerging technique, the electrospraying. Recent advances in the integration of biomolecules with nanoparticles in the past five years to present are also discussed. Finally, the application of the biomolecule-nanoparticle conjugates in various fields including medicals and pharmaceuticals, biosensors and bioelectronics, foods, and agricultures are also highlighted.

Synthesis of Precision Gold Nanoparticles Using Turkevich Method

“…The detailed work of Turkevich and his coworkers (Turkevich J. et al, 1951) has become one of the milestones of AuNPs synthesis. Since then, the synthesis method has been modified and improved (Frens G., 1973) for a diverse area of interests including the development of chemical sensors for water quality analysis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) (Tian F. et al, 2014), surface-induced catalytic activities (Lopez N. et al, 2004;Xie W. et al, 2012), drug delivery in biological systems (Ghosh P. et al, 2008;Saallah S. and Lenggoro I.W., 2018) and nano-toxicology studies (Beltran-Huarac J. et al, 2018;Somasundaran P. et al, 2010;Grobmyer S.R. and Moudgil B.M., 2010;Pyrgiotakis G. et al, 2018).…”

Surface Functionalization of Bioactive Glasses with Polyphenols from Padina pavonica Algae and In Situ Reduction of Silver Ions: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Biological Response

“…As the extract itself is not toxic as previously debated, we speculate that this toxic effect can be attributed mainly to the silver (Ag). Ag is known to be a potential toxic element for cells [47][48][49][50]; it can trigger the formation of ROS by preventing intracellular antioxidants and cause DNA damage that results in cell death [47,48]. This mechanism can be initiated by the Ag uptake by the cellular clathrin-dependent endocytosis and micropinocytosis; as a consequence, physiological impairment can be achieved due to the ROS increase [49,50].…”

Interactions of Nanoparticles and Biosystems: Microenvironment of Nanoparticles and Biomolecules in Nanomedicine

“…Proteins have many different binding sites (as amino acidic key structures and/or post-translational modifications) onto nanoparticles surfaces through specific or non-specific adsorption [41,43]; in addition, the proteins are critical on the immunebiocompatibility of the nanomaterials. Nucleic acids are another biomolecule of interest, which have many different applications as a consequence of its physicochemical stability, mechanical rigidity, easy accessibility and its high specificity of base pairing, result in a suitable receptor easily to design for molecular nanoconstruction [44].…”