Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Agents Delivery—An Up-to-Date Review

Abstract

Infectious diseases constitute an increasing threat to public health and medical systems worldwide. Particularly, the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has left the pharmaceutical arsenal unarmed to fight against such severe microbial infections. Thus, the context has called for a paradigm shift in managing bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections, leading to the collision of medicine with nanotechnology. As a result, renewed research interest has been noted in utilizing various nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles, aiming to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. In more detail, numerous studies have loaded natural and synthetic antimicrobial agents into different inorganic, lipid, and polymeric-based nanomaterials and tested them against clinically relevant pathogens. In this respect, this paper reviews the most recently reported successfully fabricated nanoformulations that demonstrated a great potential against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites of interest for human medicine.

Antibacterial Evaluation of Saponins Extracted from Fresh Fruit of Luffa acutangula against Multidrug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus and their Mechanism in Ultrastructural Surface

“…In this study, the saponins inhibit the growth of SA with IC 50 value of 3mg/ml, live SA cells died and the uorescent spot dramatically decrease in AO staining assay, these results demonstrated the saponins from Luffa acutangula were potencial natural antibiotics. Natural compound with special bioactivity is tightly relative with its molecular structure; Saponin molecular is usually composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties, which make saponin an amphipathic compound [29]. Natural saponins grant strong antibacteria properties by inhibiting the growth of both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, which antimicrobial properties can be attribute to the hydrophilic-lipophilic amphipathic chemical structure of saponin molecules, that amphipathic chemical structure lead to bacterial cell death by penetrating or disrupting the bacterial plasma membrane [30].…”

Nanotherapeutics against malaria: A decade of advancements in experimental models

“…Polymer‐based nanoparticles (PNPs) have been widely used in the treatment of numerous infectious diseases (Cano et al, 2020; Landriscina et al, 2015; Mercan et al, 2022). PNPs present several advantages as drug delivery systems, such as simple manufacturing, good biocompatibility, high stability, and potential for oral delivery (Galindo‐Rodriguez et al, 2005; Marasini et al, 2017), which improves patient compliance.…”

Progress of Section “Biochemistry” in 2022

“…More than 1350 papers were published in 2022 on anti-infectives. Among them, I will highlight an interesting review on photodynamic therapy for the inactivation of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms [ 40 ], a computational approach for designing anti- Staphylococcus aureus agents by targeting transcription [ 41 ], antimicrobial peptides showing broad-spectrum activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ 42 ], silver nanoparticles for delivery of antibiotics against Escherichia coli infections [ 43 ], as well as a comprehensive review regarding the nanoparticles for antibacterial delivery [ 44 ].…”