Nanoparticles in Antivirus Therapy

Abstract

The new mechanism of the virus activity inhibition is proposed. The idea is based on the nonspecific interaction between the viral particle and nanoparticles forming a stable bound state. The formation of the interaction potential between the virus and nanoparticles is caused by the presence of both linear and nonlinear polarizabilities, leading to the emergence of the attractive and repulsive parts of the potential, respectively.

Nanoparticles as antiviral agents against adenoviruses

“…The functionalized nanoparticles can affect the viruses due to chemical interactions between the molecules-functionalizers and molecules-receptors at the virus surface. The second direction is concerned with antiviral activity of 'pure' (non-functionalized) nanoparticles [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. There are experimental results of antiviral action of Ag [3][4][5][6], Au [7,11], TiO 2 [8], CuCl 2 [9], CeO 2 [11][12][13][14], SiO 2 [10] nanoparticles against different viruses: influenza virus H3N2 and H1N1 [8,11], hepatitis B virus [3], herpes simplex virus [4,11], HIV-1 [5,6], dengue virus type-2 [9], Foot-and-Mouth disease virus [7], vesicular stomatitis virus [14].…”

“…The second direction is concerned with antiviral activity of 'pure' (non-functionalized) nanoparticles [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. There are experimental results of antiviral action of Ag [3][4][5][6], Au [7,11], TiO 2 [8], CuCl 2 [9], CeO 2 [11][12][13][14], SiO 2 [10] nanoparticles against different viruses: influenza virus H3N2 and H1N1 [8,11], hepatitis B virus [3], herpes simplex virus [4,11], HIV-1 [5,6], dengue virus type-2 [9], Foot-and-Mouth disease virus [7], vesicular stomatitis virus [14]. Microscopic studies demonstrated that nanoparticles are adsorbed on the virus surface [6,7], which leads to local transformations of the surface, such as agglutination of glycoproteins [6,7], thus preventing virus penetration into the cell.…”

“…The fact that nanoparticles of small sizes demonstrated the bright antiviral effect but large nanoparticles did not demonstrate antiviral effect [11] comes up with an idea of the field action of nanoparticles through the effect of local-field enhancement [12]. The concept of mechanism of antiviral effect of nanoparticles was proposed in our previous works [11,[13][14][15][16]. The main idea of the concept is the action of the local field to the molecules on the virus surface.…”

A Novel Vision of Reinforcing Nanofibrous Masks with Metal Nanoparticles: Antiviral Mechanisms Investigation

“…This inhibitory mechanism of CeO 2 NPs can be obtained without requiring any surface modification by biomolecular covers. They also described the antiviral effect of AuNPs based on the above-mentioned process and explained the physical aspects of the mechanism of viral inhibition [134].…”

SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants: a comprehensive review on nanotechnological application insights into potential approaches

“…Several experimental reports of antiviral action of nanoparticles against different viruses like influenza virus H3N2 and H1N1 (Mazurkova et al 2010;Lysenko et al 2013), herpes simplex virus (Lysenko et al 2013;Hu et al 2014), hepatitis B virus (Lu et al 2008), HIV-1 (Elechiguerra et al 2005;Lara et al 2010), dengue virus type-2 (Sucipto et al 2017), Foot and Mouth disease virus (Rafiei et al 2016), vesicular stomatitis virus (Lokshyn et al 2014). Nanoparticles of silver (Hu et al 2014), gold (Sucipto et al 2017;Rafiei et al 2016), silicon Dioxide (Botequim et al 2012), copper (Sucipto et al 2017), titaniumdioxide (Mazurkova et al 2010), ceriumdioxide (Lokshyn et al 2014) are the few of the evaluated delivery system for their suppressive properties of viruses. Elechiguerra et al (2005) and Rafieiet al (2016) demonstrated the adsorption of nanoparticles on the surface of the virus, which leads to local surface transformations, such as glycoprotein agglutination, thus preventing virus penetration into the cell.…”