Nanoparticles: Mechanism of biosynthesis using plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, and their applications

Qamar, Safi Ur Rehman; Ahmad, Jam Nazeer

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116040

Cited by 83 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…In previous investigations, the microbicidal activities of several inorganic NPs such as TiO 2 , Ag, CuO, MgO, S, and ZnO were examined separately or in combination with biopolymer [127][128][129]. As a result, it is important to create the new green synthesis-based NPs capable of managing fungal phytopathogens through biofunctionalized antimicrobial NPs to protect plants in a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and long-term manner.…”

Section: In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles

Begum

Pratibha²,

Rawat

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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Nanoparticles (NPs) are elements derived from a cluster of atoms with one or more dimensions in the nanometer scale in the range of 1–100 nm. The bio nanofabrication of metallic NPs is now an important dynamic area of research, with major significance in applied research. Biogenic synthesis of NPs is more desirable than physical and chemical synthesis due to its eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, lower energy consumption, and multifunctional nature. Plants outperform microorganisms as reducing agents as they contain large secondary biomolecules that accelerate the reduction and stability of the NPs. The produced NPs can then be studied spectroscopically (UV-Visible, XRD, Raman, IR, etc.) and microscopically (SEM, TEM, AFM, etc.). The biological reduction of a metallic ion or its oxide to a nanoparticle is quick, simple, and may be scaled up at room temperature and pressure. The rise in multi-drug resistant (MDR) microbes due to the immoderate use of antibiotics in non-infected patients is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The contemporary development of a new class of antibiotics with different mechanisms of action to kill microbes is crucial. Metals and their oxides are extremely toxic to microbes at unprecedentedly low concentrations. In addition, prevailing infections in plants and animals are raising significant concerns across the globe. NPs’ wide range of bioactivity makes them ideal antimicrobial agents in agricultural and medical fields. The present review outlines the synthesis of metallic NPs from botanicals, which enables the metals to be in a stabilized form even after ionization. It also presents a valuable database on the biofunctionalization of synthesized NPs for further drug development.

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Section: In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles

Begum

Pratibha²,

Rawat

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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show abstract

“…Phenotypic changes of adhesive flagellin production triggers the aggregation of metal nanoparticles, thereby reducing their antibacterial activity. Metal nanoparticles are potential environmental hazards and difficult to recover or deactivate in solid-waste incineration plants or wastewater treatment systems [ 184 , 185 , 186 ]. To overcome the above limitations, metal nanoparticles could be incorporated into other nanomaterials to form nanocomposites, which show a greater dispersion of metal nanoparticles, improved antibacterial activity, and reduced toxicity [ 187 , 188 , 189 ].…”

Section: Antibacterial Inorganic Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Lipid-, Metal-, Carbon-, and Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Applications

Ren

Lim

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are becoming a serious threat to public health worldwide. With an ever-reducing pipeline of last-resort drugs further complicating the current dire situation arising due to antibiotic resistance, there has never been a greater urgency to attempt to discover potential new antibiotics. The use of nanotechnology, encompassing a broad range of organic and inorganic nanomaterials, offers promising solutions. Organic nanomaterials, including lipid-, polymer-, and carbon-based nanomaterials, have inherent antibacterial activity or can act as nanocarriers in delivering antibacterial agents. Nanocarriers, owing to the protection and enhanced bioavailability of the encapsulated drugs, have the ability to enable an increased concentration of a drug to be delivered to an infected site and reduce the associated toxicity elsewhere. On the other hand, inorganic metal-based nanomaterials exhibit multivalent antibacterial mechanisms that combat MDR bacteria effectively and reduce the occurrence of bacterial resistance. These nanomaterials have great potential for the prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infection. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology are enabling researchers to utilize nanomaterial building blocks in intriguing ways to create multi-functional nanocomposite materials. These nanocomposite materials, formed by lipid-, polymer-, carbon-, and metal-based nanomaterial building blocks, have opened a new avenue for researchers due to the unprecedented physiochemical properties and enhanced antibacterial activities being observed when compared to their mono-constituent parts. This review covers the latest advances of nanotechnologies used in the design and development of nano- and nanocomposite materials to fight MDR bacteria with different purposes. Our aim is to discuss and summarize these recently established nanomaterials and the respective nanocomposites, their current application, and challenges for use in applications treating MDR bacteria. In addition, we discuss the prospects for antimicrobial nanomaterials and look forward to further develop these materials, emphasizing their potential for clinical translation.

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“…However, these formulations have excluded plant extracts from their composition. Much has also been published on the use of plant extracts as reducing agents for inorganic NP synthesis, namely silver, gold, zinc, or copper oxide NPs [131][132][133][134]. However, organic NPs, templated upon natural or synthetic organic molecules, are more easily recognized by the host and biodegraded.…”

Section: Chitosan-based Small-scaled Particles Loaded With Plant-derived Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Chitosan-Based Particles Loaded with Plant-Derived Extracts for Biomedical Applications: Emphasis on Antimicrobial Fiber-Based Systems

et al. 2021

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Marine-derived chitosan (CS) is a cationic polysaccharide widely studied for its bioactivity, which is mostly attached to its primary amine groups. CS is able to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the microenvironments in which it is integrated, consequently reducing cell-induced oxidative stress. It also acts as a bacterial peripheral layer hindering nutrient intake and interacting with negatively charged outer cellular components, which lead to an increase in the cell permeability or to its lysis. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of processability (particularly in mild conditions), and chemical versatility has fueled CS study as a valuable matrix component of bioactive small-scaled organic drug-delivery systems, with current research also showcasing CS’s potential within tridimensional sponges, hydrogels and sutures, blended films, nanofiber sheets and fabric coatings. On the other hand, renewable plant-derived extracts are here emphasized, given their potential as eco-friendly radical scavengers, microbicidal agents, or alternatives to antibiotics, considering that most of the latter have induced bacterial resistance because of excessive and/or inappropriate use. Loading them into small-scaled particles potentiates a strong and sustained bioactivity, and a controlled release, using lower doses of bioactive compounds. A pH-triggered release, dependent on CS’s protonation/deprotonation of its amine groups, has been the most explored stimulus for that control. However, the use of CS derivatives, crosslinking agents, and/or additional stabilization processes is enabling slower release rates, following extract diffusion from the particle matrix, which can find major applicability in fiber-based systems within ROS-enriched microenvironments and/or spiked with microbes. Research on this is still in its infancy. Yet, the few published studies have already revealed that the composition, along with an adequate drug release rate, has an important role in controlling an existing infection, forming new tissue, and successfully closing a wound. A bioactive finishing of textiles has also been promoting high particle infiltration, superior washing durability, and biological response.

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Nanoparticles: Mechanism of biosynthesis using plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, and their applications

Cited by 83 publications

References 148 publications

Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles

Recent Advances in Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Bioactive Metallic Nanoparticles

Recent Advances in the Development of Lipid-, Metal-, Carbon-, and Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Applications

Bioactivity of Chitosan-Based Particles Loaded with Plant-Derived Extracts for Biomedical Applications: Emphasis on Antimicrobial Fiber-Based Systems

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