Nanoparticles:  Scaffolds and Building Blocks

Abstract

Nanoparticles provide key tools for bridging the gap between "bottom-up" synthetic methods and "top-down" fabrication. In this Account we describe some of the unique structural aspects of nanoparticles and the use of these attributes to the creation of devices with tunable specificity and environmental response. We also explore the use of nanoparticles as "building blocks" for the creation of nanocomposite materials that feature structural control from the molecular to the micron scale.

Hierarchically nanostructured hydroxyapatite: hydrothermal synthesis, morphology control, growth mechanism, and biological activity

“…[1][2][3][4][5] It is well known that both the "bottom-up" and "top-down" strategies are two effective approaches for fabricating nanodevices. [6][7][8] The self-assembly of building blocks such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanobelts, and complex nanocrystals with well defined m orphology, structure, size, and size distribution is considered a "bottom-up" approach. [9][10][11] To date, a variety of hierarchical nanostructures of noble metals, 12 metal sulfides, 13,14 metal oxides, [15][16][17][18] metal hydroxides, 19 metal carbonates, 20 and metal silicates 21 have been synthesized via self-assembly.…”

Functionalized gold nanoparticles for the binding, stabilization, and delivery of therapeutic DNA, RNA, and other biological macromolecules

“…For example, it is now possible to manipulate GNPs to detect extremely small concentrations of analyte, 1 serve as scaffolds for 2-and 3-dimensional constructs, 2 and behave as real-time observable nodes for imaging studies. 3 In terms of biomedical applications for GNPs, nanotechnology is poised to finally deliver upon its promise to transform the face of molecular medicine, as evidenced by its existence in clinical trials on human subjects.…”

Solvothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Property of Magnetic Chains Self‐assembled by Fe3O4 Microoctahedrons

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26] To control or modulate the assembled structures, physical and chemical forces are often employed. Most Fe 3 O 4 assembly nano or microstructures are fabricated by two methods.…”