Nanopatterned acellular valve conduits drive the commitment of blood-derived multipotent cells

Abstract

Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward elucidating the correlation among nanoscale topography, mechanical properties, and biological behavior of cardiac valve substitutes. Porcine TriCol scaffolds are promising valve tissue engineering matrices with demonstrated self-repopulation potentiality. In order to define an in vitro model for investigating the influence of extracellular matrix signaling on the growth pattern of colonizing blood-derived cells, we cultured circulating multipotent cells (CMC) on acellular aortic (AVL) and pulmonary (PVL) valve conduits prepared with TriCol method and under no-flow condition. Isolated by our group from Vietnamese pigs before heart valve prosthetic implantation, porcine CMC revealed high proliferative abilities, three-lineage differentiative potential, and distinct hematopoietic/endothelial and mesenchymal properties. Their interaction with valve extracellular matrix nanostructures boosted differential messenger RNA expression pattern and morphologic features on AVL compared to PVL, while promoting on both matrices the commitment to valvular and endothelial cell-like phenotypes. Based on their origin from peripheral blood, porcine CMC are hypothesized in vivo to exert a pivotal role to homeostatically replenish valve cells and contribute to hetero- or allograft colonization. Furthermore, due to their high responsivity to extracellular matrix nanostructure signaling, porcine CMC could be useful for a preliminary evaluation of heart valve prosthetic functionality

Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine in Italy: Brief State of the Art of the Principal Research Centers

“…LIFELAB (Living, Innovative, Fully Engineered, Long-lasting and Advanced Bioreplacement), a program of advanced bioreplacement that collaborates with Padua University, is focused on decellularized organs, a very plastic matrix that could be adopted for in vivo tissue engineering and the production of tissues and organs for transplant [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ]. Using dECM, novel solutions have been created for the development of biomaterials based on biological tissue which could be suitable for applications in cardiovascular repair, corrective, and reconstructive surgery [ 107 , 108 , 109 ]. The Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences (Chieti-Pescara University) and the Department of Health Sciences, (University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, UniUPO) also work on dECM to implement a promising regenerative strategy for cardiovascular diseases.…”

In Vitro Conditioning of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by the Endothelial Microenvironment: Modeling Cell Responsiveness towards Non-Genetic Correction of Haemophilia A

“…Bone marrow has been considered for ages the main multipotent stem cell source for regenerative therapies, but its clinical use faces some practical difficulties, such as extraction procedures, which are highly invasive for the donor, and cell yield, which is highly variable and dependent on the age of the donor [25]. Thus, more accessible stem cell sources have recently been studied, such as peripheral blood [26][27][28] and adipose tissue [29,30]. In recent years, Adipose-derived Stromal Cells (ADSCs) have proven to have ideal characteristics for regenerative purposes [31].…”

Growth and Differentiation of Circulating Stem Cells After Extensive Ex Vivo Expansion

“…The key advantage of cell and tissue therapy over pharmacological therapies to treat debilitating diseases and abnormalities is that the former offers “living biological replacements” while the latter merely provides a palliative solution [ 8 ]. Adult multipotent stem cells from peripheral blood present a viable option for easy manipulation to control self-renewal and to direct towards a tissue specific differentiation [ 9 – 11 ].…”