Nanoplasmonic biosensor for rapid detection of multiple viral variants in human serum

Bhalla, Nikhil; Payam, Amir Farokh; Morelli, Alessio; Sharma, Preetam K.; Johnson, Rhiannon; Thomson, Alan; Jolly, Pawan; Canfarotta, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2022.131906

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Along similar lines, proteins from other variants of SARS-CoV-2 (or other potential pandemic strains) can be analyzed to reveal structural information in a short span of time in buffer solutions that might be useful for drug and vaccine development in a short time. Our study also complements several other works in which utilize viral proteins in similar buffers for bioassays as we show that proteins retain their shape and structure in buffer conditions. , SAXS could also provide new knowledge in an uncertain area of understanding how protein structures in viruses evolve when a virus mutates. Therefore, our work demonstrates a benchmark for an easy and fast structural analysis of evolving variants of virus proteins.…”

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confidence: 70%

Measuring the Radius of Gyration and Intrinsic Flexibility of Viral Proteins in Buffer Solution Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

2022

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Measuring structural features of proteins dispersed in buffer solution, in contrast to crystal form, is indispensable in understanding morphological characteristics of the biomolecule in a native environment. We report on the structure and apparent viscosity of unfolded α and β variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins dispersed in buffer solutions. The radius of gyration of the β variant is found to be larger than that of the α variant, while the ab initio computation of one of the possible particle-like bodies is consistent with the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profiles resembling a conformation similar to the three-dimensional structure of the folded state of the corresponding α and β spike variant. However, a smaller radius of gyration with respect to the predicted folded state of 2.4 and 2.7 is observed for both α and β variants, respectively. Our work complements the structural characterization of spike proteins using cryo-electron microscopy techniques. The measurement/analysis discussed here might be useful for quick and cost-effective evaluation of several protein structures, let alone mutated viral proteins, which is useful for drug discovery/development applications.

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confidence: 70%

Measuring the Radius of Gyration and Intrinsic Flexibility of Viral Proteins in Buffer Solution Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

2022

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“…For instance, interfering substances such as charged particulate matter or bioaerosols bound to the AuNI biosensing surface may cause the alteration of refractive index and interfere with the plasmonic phase changes in the hybridization detection process (Figure 2d and Figure S3e , Supporting Information). [ 14 ] Although these nonspecific binding events can be removed by microfluidic flushing, the process results in a long dissociation process with an extended turnaround time. Among the 32 sets of hybridization biosensing assays, 25 reached the 90% of equilibrium dissociation response ( T E90 ) within 500 seconds (Figure 2f , Figure S4 , Supporting Information), but there was one instance demonstrating a long T E90 >1000 s (Figure 2g ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐Site Quantification and Infection Risk Assessment of Airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 Virus Via a Nanoplasmonic Bioaerosol Sensing System in Healthcare Settings

et al. 2022

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On-site quantification and early-stage infection risk assessment of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with high spatiotemporal resolution is a promising approach for mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and informing life-saving decisions. Here, a condensation (hygroscopic growth)-assisted bioaerosol collection and plasmonic photothermal sensing (CAPS) system for on-site quantitative risk analysis of SARS-CoV-2 virus-laden aerosols is presented. The CAPS system provided rapid thermoplasmonic biosensing results after an aerosol-to-hydrosol sampling process in COVID-19-related environments including a hospital and a nursing home. The detection limit reached 0.25 copies/μL in the complex aerosol background without further purification. More importantly, the CAPS system enabled direct measurement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus exposures with high spatiotemporal resolution. Measurement and feedback of the results to healthcare workers and patients via a QR-code are completed within two hours. Based on a dose-responseμ model, it is used the plasmonic biosensing signal to calculate probabilities of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and estimate maximum exposure durations to an acceptable risk threshold in different environmental settings.

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“…Recently, some new methods have emerged that can realize the rapid detection of COVID-19, such as label-free fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors, localized SPR-based nanoplasmonic biosensors, and microfluidic-based point-of-care biosensors. − However, most of these strategies were still limited in employing proteins as probes, which could cause problems of aggregated signals …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, 133 latitudinal chicken serum samples were prepared by immunization with the NDV vaccine and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers ≥ 4. The vaccination procedure was as follows: 10-day-old chickens were immunized with the NDV vaccine, and the serum samples were collected 42 A total 483 serum samples from 397 patients were enrolled from GFH. Among them, 80 patients had sequential serum samples.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Negative Impacts from Inevitable Nonreproducible and Nonspecific Antibody–Probe Interactions in Viral Serology

Chen

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Serological assays are indispensable tools in public health. Presently deployed serological assays, however, largely overlook research progress made in the last two decades that jeopardizes the conceptual foundation of these assays, i.e., antibody (Ab) specificity. Challenges to traditional understanding of Ab specificity include Ab polyspecificity and most recently nonreproducible Ab–probe interactions (NRIs). Here, using SARS-CoV-2 and four common livestock viruses as a test bed, we developed a new serological platform that integrates recent understanding about Ab specificity. We first demonstrate that the response rate (RR) from a large-sized serum pool (∼100) is not affected by NRIs or by nonspecific Ab–probe interactions (NSIs), so RR can be incorporated into the diagnostic probe selection process. We subsequently used multiple probes (configured as a “protein peptide hybrid microarray”, PPHM) to generate a digital microarray index (DMI) and finally demonstrated that DMI-based analysis yields an extremely robust probabilistic trend that enables accurate diagnosis of viral infection that overcomes multiple negative impacts exerted by NSI/NRI. Thus, our study with SARS-CoV-2 confirms that the PPHM-RR-DMI platform enables very rapid development of serological assays that outperform traditional assays (for both sensitivity and specificity) and supports that the platform is extendable to other viruses.

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Nanoplasmonic biosensor for rapid detection of multiple viral variants in human serum

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Measuring the Radius of Gyration and Intrinsic Flexibility of Viral Proteins in Buffer Solution Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Measuring the Radius of Gyration and Intrinsic Flexibility of Viral Proteins in Buffer Solution Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

On‐Site Quantification and Infection Risk Assessment of Airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 Virus Via a Nanoplasmonic Bioaerosol Sensing System in Healthcare Settings

Removing Negative Impacts from Inevitable Nonreproducible and Nonspecific Antibody–Probe Interactions in Viral Serology

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