Nanopore sequencing of human associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus RWP1 genome for inferring antibiotic resistant gene, plasmid and prophage information

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a gram-positive bacterium and responsible for several infections in the human. Here, Oxford nanopore mediated whole genome sequencing is reported for human host associated strain. The genome size obtained was of ~3 MB, while GC content was 32.9%. Approximately 3600 CDSs, 62 tRNAs and 16 rRNAs were identified. Phage segments were present, with two complete intact phages. Type I and type IV restriction elements were also detected, along with five plasmids. Several antibiotic resistance genes were also mined, with a key mutation in the fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA, phosphonic acid resistant murA transferase and fusidic acid resistant fusA genes. Sequence type was determined as 4803. Comparative analysis with MRSA isolates from Pakistan (n=20) revealed an open pan-genome, with 1,934 CDSs forming core genome.