Nanoporous Graphene Oxide-Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensor with Dual-Signal Responses for Trimethylamine Detection

Abstract

This paper presents a straightforward method to develop a nanoporous graphene oxide (NGO)-functionalized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensor for the detection of trimethylamine (TMA), aiming to form a reliable monitoring mechanism strategy for low-concentration TMA that can still cause serious odor nuisance. The synthesized NGO material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to verify its structure and morphology. Compared with the bare and GO-based QCM sensors, the NGO-based QCM sensor exhibited ultra-high sensitivity (65.23 Hz/μL), excellent linearity (R2 = 0.98), high response/recovery capability (3 s/20 s) and excellent repeatability (RSD = 0.02, n = 3) toward TMA with frequency shift and resistance. Furthermore, the selectivity of the proposed NGO-based sensor to TMA was verified by analysis of the dual-signal responses. It is also proved that increasing the conductivity did not improve the resistance signal. This work confirms that the proposed NGO-based sensor with dual signals provides a new avenue for TMA sensing, and the sensor is expected to become a potential candidate for gas detection.

Early Spoilage Detection of Cultured Pacific White Shrimp Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensors

“…These results clearly demonstrate that all the fabricated sensors are capable of detecting TMA molecules effectively. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art QCM‐based TMA gas sensors that have been published since 2020 (see Table 2), our sensor employing a CA‐doped PVAc nanofiber material exhibits comparably high sensitivity and low LOD values [22–25,37] . Only WS 2 /MWCNT nanocomposite [22] and SnS/SnS 2 heterostructure [23] delivered a slightly better performance, where they however used a very low sensing range (i. e., 0.2 to 2.0 ppm and 2 to 10 ppm, respectively).…”

“…Compared to the state-of-the-art QCM-based TMA gas sensors that have been published since 2020 (see Table 2), our sensor employing a CA-doped PVAc nanofiber material exhibits comparably high sensitivity and low LOD values. [22][23][24][25]37] Only WS 2 /MWCNT nanocomposite [22] and SnS/SnS 2 heterostructure [23] delivered a slightly better performance, where they however used a very low sensing range (i. e., 0.2 to 2.0 ppm and 2 to 10 ppm, respectively). Lower sensing range usually results in higher sensor sensitivity value since most amine sensors behave exponentially when exposed to a wide range of analyte concentrations.…”

Covalent-Organic-Framework-Modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor for Selective Detection of Hazardous Formic Acid

“…The coating materials on QCM sensors are largely responsible for their degree of sensitivity and selectivity. To date, a limited number of functional materials, including zeolites, polyethylenimine-grafted polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, polysiloxane, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), poly­(vinylidene fluoride), polymers, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene oxide, carbon quantum dots, and hybrid organic/inorganic polymers, have been successfully developed and utilized as sensors for QCM devices. − The utilization of QCM sensors for the detection of potent carboxylic acids has been infrequent. As an illustration, Lin and colleagues conducted a study whereby they fabricated a nanocomposite consisting of acidified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polyaniline.…”