Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals as functional entity in chitosan: Removal of dyes from water

Nanocellulose-Based Materials for Water Purification

“…Freeze drying: Freeze drying, followed by compaction of a mixture of sulfated CNCs and chitosan [94], created microporous membranes with a thickness of 200 microns, capable of immobilizing positively-charged dye molecules. The pore diameters of the membranes were in the range of 10–13 nm, and the water flux was low (64 Lm 2 ·h −1 ·MPa − 1 ).…”

Nanocellulose properties and applications in colloids and interfaces

“…The porosity of nanopapers prepared using CNF is typically very low, this enables their good gas barrier properties (Syverud and Stenius 2009;Tammelin and Vartiainen 2014). However, depending on the intended application porous materials may be preferred, for example in membranes carrying exposed adsorption sites for target molecules as is the case of systems enclosing cellulose nanocrystals that have been developed for dye removal from water (Karim et al 2014). …”

Review on Dye Removal from Its Aqueous Solution into Alternative Cost Effective and Non-Conventional Adsorbents

“…Nanofiltration membrane is a combination of reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration processes and it is used in the removal of textile dyes such as Methylene blue [69] and cotton dye effluent [70]. Nanoporous membranes with cellulose nanocrystals is also used in the removal of various dyes such as Victoria Blue, Methyl Violet and Rhodamine dyes [71]. The disadvantages of this process such as the high pressure needed, clogging of the membrane's pores and incapability to treat large volume of effluents limit its uses [72].Also during the operation, various suspended particles such as dyes and organic matter tend to accumulate within a thin boundary layer adjacent to the membrane surface and result in membrane fouling [73] …”