Nanoporous Polymers for Hydrogen Storage

Abstract

The design of hydrogen storage materials is one of the principal challenges that must be met before the development of a hydrogen economy. While hydrogen has a large specific energy, its volumetric energy density is so low as to require development of materials that can store and release it when needed. While much of the research on hydrogen storage focuses on metal hydrides, these materials are currently limited by slow kinetics and energy inefficiency. Nanostructured materials with high surface areas are actively being developed as another option. These materials avoid some of the kinetic and thermodynamic drawbacks of metal hydrides and other reactive methods of storing hydrogen. In this work, progress towards hydrogen storage with nanoporous materials in general and porous organic polymers in particular is critically reviewed. Mechanisms of formation for crosslinked polymers, hypercrosslinked polymers, polymers of intrinsic microporosity, and covalent organic frameworks are discussed. Strategies for controlling hydrogen storage capacity and adsorption enthalpy via manipulation of surface area, pore size, and pore volume are discussed in detail.

Polymers for carrying and storing hydrogen

“…5 wt% at a high pressure of 8 MPa and a low temperature of 77 K, but they store very low amounts of hydrogen, 0.2 wt%, even at 9 MPa at room temperature. 23 Polymers of intrinsic microporosity are one class of purely organic microporous polymers that contain rigid and distorted macromolecules composed of fused-ring components. They form microporous organic frameworks with relatively high surface areas (ca.…”

Solid State Hydrogen Storage in Polymeric Materials: A Review

“…This kind of materials, due to their good adsorption kinetic reaction, better than metal hydrides, have obtained very attention, in particular in the last years (Germain et al, 2009). The modified PANI, utilising different cross-linking agent, showed a high surface area reaching a value up to 632 m 2 g 1 .…”

Polymerization of MMA in polyHIPEs by RATRP

“…It is easy to adjust the pore size and pore size distribution of porous polymers with this method. The unique properties of polyHIPEs obtained by the HIPEs template have found wide applications in areas such as hydrogen storage [9], fuels and oil recovery [10], drug release [11] and many other aspects [12].…”