Nanorheological Mapping of Rubbers by Atomic Force Microscopy

Igarashi, Takaaki; Fujinami, So; Nishi, Toshio; Asao, Naoki; Nakajima, Ken

doi:10.1021/ma302616a

Cited by 66 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…AFM tapping mode has been used for polymeric surfaces information with nanoscale resolution [9][10][11] . High-resolution surface results are obtained through this mode of analysis, since the images provide height (relief surface) and phase (combination of sample and AFM-probe characteristics) [12,13] .…”

Section: De Sousa F D B; Scuracchio C H -The Use Of Atomic Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that the interacting polymer layer share the same segmental relaxation dynamics with the bulk rubber due to the presence of a flexible chain between the matrix and the nanoparticles. Igarashi et al [11] also used another novel AFM method for nanometer-scale mapping of the frequency dependence of viscoelastic properties of rubbers. It was used an additional piezoelectric actuator placed between the specimen and AFM scanner.…”

Section: De Sousa F D B; Scuracchio C H -The Use Of Atomic Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

Sousa

Scuracchio

2014

Polímeros

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AFM has been recognized as one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of surface morphologies because it creates three-dimensional images at angstrom and nano scale. This technique has been exhaustively used in the analyses of dispersion of nanometric components in nanocomposites and in polymer blends, because of the easiness of sample preparation and lower equipment maintenance costs compared to electron microscopy. In this review, contributions using AFM are described, with emphasis on the dispersion of nanofillers in polymeric matrices. It is aimed to show the importance of technical analysis for nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers.

show abstract

Section: De Sousa F D B; Scuracchio C H -The Use Of Atomic Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: De Sousa F D B; Scuracchio C H -The Use Of Atomic Formentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

Sousa

Scuracchio

2014

Polímeros

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Igarashi et al extended the modulation frequency up to 20 kHz using a sample stage piezoelectric actuator to determine viscoelastic properties of homopolymers and rubbers. 42 One challenge in these approaches is that one must consider the influence of hydrodynamic drag on the oscillating probe by the surrounding medium. This drag can confound the measurement of the viscous properties of the sample, and thus must be accounted for when quantifying mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-rheology of hydrogels using direct drive force modulation atomic force microscopy

et al. 2015

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We present a magnetic force-based direct drive modulation method to measure local nano-rheological properties of soft materials across a broad frequency range (10 Hz to 2 kHz) using colloid-attached atomic force microscope (AFM) probes in liquid. The direct drive method enables artefact-free measurements over several decades of excitation frequency, and avoids the need to evaluate medium-induced hydrodynamic drag effects. The method was applied to measure the local mechanical properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels. The frequency-dependent storage stiffness, loss stiffness, and loss tangent (tan δ) were quantified for hydrogels having high and low crosslinking densities by measuring the amplitude and the phase response of the cantilever while the colloid was in contact with the hydrogel. The frequency bandwidth was further expanded to lower effective frequencies (0.1 Hz to 10 Hz) by obtaining force–displacement (FD) curves. Slow FD measurements showed a recoverable but highly hysteretic response, with the contact mechanical behaviour dependent on the loading direction: approach curves showed Hertzian behaviour while retraction curves fit the JKR contact mechanics model well into the adhesive regime, after which multiple detachment instabilities occurred. Using small amplitude dynamic modulation to explore faster rates, the load dependence of the storage stiffness transitioned from Hertzian to a dynamic punch-type (constant contact area) model, indicating significant influence of material dissipation coupled with adhesion. Using the appropriate contact model across the full frequency range measured, the storage moduli were found to remain nearly constant until an increase began near ∼100 Hz. The softer gels' storage modulus increased from 7.9 ± 0.4 to 14.5 ± 2.1 kPa (∼85%), and the stiffer gels' storage modulus increased from 16.3 ± 1.1 to 31.7 ± 5.0 kPa (∼95%). This increase at high frequencies may be attributed to a contribution from solvent confinement in the hydrogel (poroelasticity). The storage moduli measured by both macro-rheometry and AFM FD curves were comparable to those measured using the modulation method at their overlapping frequencies (10–25 Hz). In all cases, care was taken to ensure the contact mechanics models were applied within the important limit of small relative deformations. This study thus highlights possible transitions in the probe–material contact mechanical behaviour for soft matter, especially when the applied strain rates and the material relaxation rates become comparable. In particular, at low frequencies, the modulus follows Hertzian contact mechanics, while at high frequencies adhesive contact is well represented by punch-like behaviour. More generally, use of the Hertz model on hydrogels at high loading rates, at high strains, or during the retraction portion of FD curves, leads to significant errors in the calculated moduli.

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“…9,10 Thus, stepwise changes in the frequency enable an estimate of the frequency-dependent behavior of G* for single cells in a local region. [11][12][13] For more detailed understanding of spatial dependence of rheological properties in soft materials, mapping the frequency-dependent rheology of "static" polymer materials 14,15 and living cells 16 can be performed by sweeping the frequency during single-frequency force modulation AFM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping power-law rheology of living cells using multi-frequency force modulation atomic force microscopy

Takahashi

Okajima

2015

Applied Physics Letters

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Nanorheological Mapping of Rubbers by Atomic Force Microscopy

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

Nano-rheology of hydrogels using direct drive force modulation atomic force microscopy

Mapping power-law rheology of living cells using multi-frequency force modulation atomic force microscopy

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