Nanoscale Corona Discharge in Liquids, Enabling Nanosecond Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Staack, David; Fridman, Alexander; Gutsol, A.; Gogotsi, Yury; Friedman, Gary D.

doi:10.1002/ange.200802891

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Work involving nanosecond discharges in water with negatively applied pulses to the needle in a pin-to-plane electrode configuration has also been performed in [12], although the development of the discharge was not reported on. Similar time-resolved imaging development as reported on for the positive mode were conducted for negatively applied pulses to the pin electrode, with amplitudes and .…”

Section: Negative Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of positive and negative modes of nanosecond pulsed discharge in water and electrostriction model of initiation

Seepersad¹,

Pekker²,

Shneider³

et al. 2013

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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This work investigates the development of nanosecond pulsed discharges in water ignited with the application of both positive and negative polarity pulses to submerged pin to plane electrodes. Optical diagnostics are used to study two main aspects of these discharges: the initiation phase, and the development phase. Nanosecond pulses up to with rise time, duration and fall time are used to ignite discharges in a gap between a copper plate and a tungsten needle with radius of curvature of . Fast ICCD imaging is used to trace the discharge development over varying applied pulse amplitudes for both positively and negatively applied pulses to the pin electrode. The discharge is found to progress similar to that of discharges in long gaps -long sparks -in gases, both in structure and development. The more important initiation phase is investigated via Schlieren transmission imaging. The region near the tip of the electrode is investigated for slightly under-breakdown conditions, and changes in the liquid's refractive index and density are observed over the duration of the applied pulse. An attempt to explain the results is made based on the electrostriction model of discharge initiation.

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Section: Negative Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of positive and negative modes of nanosecond pulsed discharge in water and electrostriction model of initiation

Seepersad¹,

Pekker²,

Shneider³

et al. 2013

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…The direct carbonization/polymerization of organic compounds in a submerged plasma condition is a soft solution process at ambient conditions8910. The formation of plasma in aqueous solutions facilitates metal oxide powder synthesis1112, the formation of nanomaterials1314, the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater15, hydrogen production16, disinfection17, reduction of metal ion18, medical applications19, and analytical tools20. In a plasma reaction, the organic solvent undergoes a carbonization or polymerization reaction depending on its functional groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Submerged Liquid Plasma for the Synthesis of Unconventional Nitrogen Polymers

Senthilnathan

Weng

Liao

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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Glow discharge polymerization is not well understood due to the rapid/complex reaction at the plasma/gas precursor interface. Plasma reaction in a submerged condition allows post-plasma-polymerization, leading to further polymer growth and thus a stable structure. Electron collision with acetonitrile at the interface initiates the formation of radical monomers, which undergoes further rearrangement to form low-molecular (LM) nitrogen polymers (NPs). The radical-rich LM NPs go through further polymerization, forming stable high-molecular (HM) NPs (as determined using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry). LM NPs absorb light at a wavelength of 270 nm (λ max) whereas HM NPs show absorption at 420 nm (λ max), as determined from ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. The fluorescence spectra of HM NPs show characteristic emission at 430 nm, which indicates the presence of nitrogen functional groups with external conjugation. The proposed structure of HM NPs is verified with different analytical instruments.

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“…12 and 13). These micro-discharges in liquid that have only one real electrode should be rather different in comparison with discharges initiated by pulsed electric field applied to small particles in liquids [13,14].…”

Section: Phenomena Observedmentioning

confidence: 96%

Electro-hydrodynamic and plasma phenomena in corona — Liquid interaction

Gutsol¹,

Pyle²

2013

2013 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC)

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We observed motion of liquids (water and oils with different conductivities) under the influence of corona discharges while using wire-to-plane geometry (high voltage wire above a rectangular vessel with a metal bottom-plate and transparent plastic walls). It was possible to see the internal motion within the transparent liquid volume by suspending small (3 µm) silica particles in the liquid and illuminating a cross-section of the liquid volume with a green laser beam sheet. Intense motion was also very clearly revealed on the liquid surface. In that case liquid transparency was not required.In addition to the intense motion observed within the volume and on the surface of the organic liquids, deionized water moved upward on the clear plastic walls of the vessel and sprayed outwards into the air atmosphere under the corona influence. It was remarkable that rather small variations of liquid composition sometimes completely changed the form of electro-hydrodynamic motion: from the electro-convective cells elongated in a transverse direction, to the polygonal Bénard-like cells [1]; vortices similar to those caused by a fluid sink, and soliton-like standing jets were also observed. In most cases, significant corona current increase resulted in formation of turbulent motion, analogous to chaotic liquid boiling, although some liquids demonstrated rather high stability of regular motion. Deformation of a liquid surface under the influence of surface charge was probably the major cause of formation of vortices; surface charge also caused formation of electrical discharges in the volume of oil, probably between the surface and the bottom metal plate electrode.

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Nanoscale Corona Discharge in Liquids, Enabling Nanosecond Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Investigation of positive and negative modes of nanosecond pulsed discharge in water and electrostriction model of initiation

Investigation of positive and negative modes of nanosecond pulsed discharge in water and electrostriction model of initiation

Submerged Liquid Plasma for the Synthesis of Unconventional Nitrogen Polymers

Electro-hydrodynamic and plasma phenomena in corona — Liquid interaction

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Nanoscale Corona Discharge in Liquids, Enabling Nanosecond Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Investigation of positive and negative modes of nanosecond pulsed discharge in water and electrostriction model of initiation

Investigation of positive and negative modes of nanosecond pulsed discharge in water and electrostriction model of initiation

Submerged Liquid Plasma for the Synthesis of Unconventional Nitrogen Polymers

Electro-hydrodynamic and plasma phenomena in corona &#x2014; Liquid interaction

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Product

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Electro-hydrodynamic and plasma phenomena in corona — Liquid interaction