Nanoscale Drug-Delivery Systems

An Ultrasound-Assisted Minireactor System for Continuous Production of TiO2 Nanoparticles in a Water-in-Oil Emulsion

“…Both agglomeration and aggregation cause cluster formation; however, the former is irreversible, and the latter is reversible. 55 The FESEM micrographs captured are of dried TiO 2 nanoparticles, which do not reveal the reason for clustering. However, the reversibility of the clustering occurring in the case of nanoparticles synthesized using ultrasonication can be justified by the results of particle size distribution in which the dispersion of the particles is made by ultrasonicating them in distilled water prior to obtaining the particle size distribution curve.…”

Electrical conductivity measurements and the nonhomogeneous settling behavior of aqueous suspensions of barite

“…It is associated with the size of the particles and their sedimentation velocities: the slowly settling particles are caught by the more rapid settling ones, leading to the formation of clusters. Another mechanism, known as Brownian agglomeration, occurs when particles collide and stick together owing to their random, Brownian motion 36 …”

“…Another mechanism, known as Brownian agglomeration, occurs when particles collide and stick together owing to their random, Brownian motion. 36 Based on the calculated Peclet numbers (Table 2), which indicate the predominance of the macroscopic flow over the diffusivity of the particles, it is likely that gravitational agglomeration is the most preferred mechanism for the particles to agglomerate if they tend to cohere on contact. As a matter of fact, zeta potential measurements reported in the literature [37][38][39] for different barite samples suggest that barite particles can indeed agglomerate since, at a pH value of 7, those measurements were approximately À10 mV.…”

Propolis particles incorporated in aqueous formulations with enhanced antibacterial performance

“…Concentrating the propolis content in the dispersions via water evaporation (from 7% to 15%) reveals a consistent and statistically significant increase ( p < 0.05 for all sonication times). Particles move in a Brownian motion and tend to collide and flocculate ( Singer, Barakat, Mohapatra & Mohapatra, 2019 ), which can be further enhanced at smaller sizes due to the higher surface area created ( Usune et al., 2019 ). Although solvent evaporation is used as means to concentrate formulations ( Avgoustakis, 2004 ; Vauthier, Cabane & Labarre, 2008 ), aggregation can be a result ( Vauthier et al., 2008 ) due to an increased likelihood of particles colliding.…”