Nanoscale geochemical and geomechanical characterization of organic matter in shale

Yang, Jing; Hatcherian, Javin J.; Hackley, Paul C.; Pomerantz, Andrew E.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02254-0

Cited by 157 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Here, we note only a few novel concepts and approaches related to this research frontier. 1)Using an intense pulsed laser source, the AFM‐IR technique does not detect the scattered light. Instead, it directly probes the oscillation of the AFM tip in contact mode to yield the IR absorption spectrum via the photothermal expansion of the sample surface . This concept was recently applied for operation in peak‐force mode to enable simultaneous nanoscale mechanical mapping …”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Scattering‐Type Scanning Near‐Field Optical Microscopy for Advanced Material Research

et al. 2019

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IntroductionOver the past decade, optical near-field techniques, especially scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy Infrared and optical spectroscopy represents one of the most informative methods in advanced materials research. As an important branch of modern optical techniques that has blossomed in the past decade, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) promises deterministic characterization of optical properties over a broad spectral range at the nanoscale. It allows ultrabroadband optical (0.5-3000 µm) nanoimaging, and nanospectroscopy with fine spatial (<10 nm), spectral (<1 cm −1 ), and temporal (<10 fs) resolution. The history of s-SNOM is briefly introduced and recent advances which broaden the horizons of this technique in novel material research are summarized. In particular, this includes the pioneering efforts to study the nanoscale electrodynamic properties of plasmonic metamaterials, strongly correlated quantum materials, and polaritonic systems at room or cryogenic temperatures. Technical details, theoretical modeling, and new experimental methods are also discussed extensively, aiming to identify clear technology trends and unsolved challenges in this exciting field of research. and Astronomy. His research interests cover nanoscale and ultrafast electromagnetic responses of strongly correlated electron materials, 2D materials, and metamaterials that span from the near-infrared to terahertz frequencies.tip-sample interactions. In s-SNOM, these difficulties result from at least three factors. First, the well-known antenna effect [48] causes light to be highly confined between the probe apex and the sample surface. The specific geometry of the tip shank plays a significant role in determining the intensity of the scattered signal. [49] Second, in addition to the local optical information, a strong but undesired background signal can be detected. This background signal can be mainly attributed to the light scattering from the tip shank, cantilever, and sample surface. Third, due to the broad momentum distribution of the localized radiation, in some cases, nominally "far-field trivial" Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1804774 Figure 1. Far-field (blue) and near-field (yellow) measurements, accessing the propagating field and the evanescent field, respectively.The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Scattering‐Type Scanning Near‐Field Optical Microscopy for Advanced Material Research

et al. 2019

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“…However, there was no correlation between D TC and TOC content (Figure 13b). The thermal evolution degree of the Longmaxi Shale had entered the over-maturation phase, causing the formation of a complex organic pore network [79][80][81][82]. Therefore, shale with a higher TOC content may have more heterogeneous mesopores.…”

Section: Multifractal Characteristics Of Micropores and Mesoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal Characteristics of Micro- and Mesopores in the Longmaxi Shale

2020

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To better understand the variability and heterogeneity of pore size distributions (PSDs) in the Longmaxi Shale, twelve shale samples were collected from the Xiaoxi and Fendong section, Sichuan Province, South China. Multifractal analysis was employed to study PSDs of mesopores (2–50 nm) and micropores (<2 nm) based on low-pressure N2/CO2 adsorption (LP-N2/CO2GA). The results show that the PSDs of mesopores and micropores exhibit a multifractal behavior. The multifractal parameters can be divided into the parameters of heterogeneity (D−10–D10, D0–D10 and D−10–D0) and the parameters of singularity (D1 and H). For both the mesopores and micropores, decreasing the singularity of the pore size distribution contributes to larger heterogeneous parameters. However, micropores and mesopores also vary widely in terms of the pore heterogeneity and its controlling factors. Shale with a higher total organic carbon (TOC) content may have a larger volume of micropores and more heterogeneous mesopores. Rough surface and less concentrated pore size distribution hinder the transport of adsorbent in mesopores. The transport properties of micropores are not affected by the pore fractal dimension.

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“…The heterogeneity of organic matter can be monitored by petrographic and spectroscopic methods. Use of organic petrography and scanning electron microscopy can be used to distinguish between different organic components in terms of their differences in porosity and, association with each other and mineral components (Yang et al, 2017). Raman imaging can provide structural information in terms of the degree of organization indicating graphitization of the organic matter (Henry et al, 2019), but none of these methods by themselves can relate the occurrences of the carbon components to their stability and mobility in the shale or provide any quantification of the components.…”

Section: Background: Decoupling Carbon Components In a Shale By Convementioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Organic Carbon Components in Shale: Implications for Carbon Cycle

et al. 2019

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Stability and mobility of organic matter in shale is significant from the perspective of carbon cycle. Shale can only be an effective sink provided that the organic carbon present is stable and immobile from the host sites and, not released easily during geological processes such as low pressure-temperature burial diagenesis and higher pressure-temperature subduction. To examine this, three Jurassic shale samples of known mineralogy and total organic carbon content, with dominantly continental source of organic matter, belonging to the Haynesville-Bossier Formation were combusted by incremental heating from temperature of 200 to 1400 • C. The samples were analyzed for their carbon and nitrogen release profiles, bulk δ 13 C composition and C/N atomic ratio, based on which, at least four organic carbon components are identified associated with different minerals such as clay, carbonate, and silicate. They have different stability depending on their host sites and occurrences relative to the mineral phases and consequently, released at different temperature during combustion. The components identified are denoted as, C-1 (organic carbon occurring as free accumulates at the edge or mouth of pore spaces), C-2 (associated with clay minerals, adsorbed or as organomineral nanocomposites; with carbonate minerals, biomineralized and/or occluded), C-3(a) (occurring with silicate minerals, biomineralized and/or occluded) and C-3(b) (graphitized carbon). They show an increasing stability and decreasing mobility from C-1 to C-3(b). Based on the stability of the different OC components, shale is clearly an efficient sink for the long term C cycle as, except for C-1 which forms a very small fraction of the total and is released at temperature of ∼200 • C, OC can be efficiently locked in shale surviving conditions of burial diagenesis and, subduction at fore arc regions in absence of infiltrating fluids. Under low fluid flux, C-3(b) can be efficiently retained as a refractory phase in the mantle when subducted. It is evident that the association and interaction of the organic matter with the different minerals play an important role in its retention in the shale.

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Nanoscale geochemical and geomechanical characterization of organic matter in shale

Cited by 157 publications

References 36 publications

Modern Scattering‐Type Scanning Near‐Field Optical Microscopy for Advanced Material Research

Modern Scattering‐Type Scanning Near‐Field Optical Microscopy for Advanced Material Research

Fractal Characteristics of Micro- and Mesopores in the Longmaxi Shale

Stability of Organic Carbon Components in Shale: Implications for Carbon Cycle

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