Nanoscale imaging and control of domain-wall hopping with a nitrogen-vacancy center microscope

Tetienne, J.‐P.; Hingant, T.; Kim, Joo-Von; Diez, L. Herrera; Adam, Jean-Paul; Garcia, K.; Roch, Jean-François; Rohart, Stanislas; Thiaville, A.; Ravelosona, D.; Jacques, Vincent

doi:10.1126/science.1250113

Cited by 201 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[129][130][131] Because the electronic levels of NVs are affected by temperature [132] and other external perturbations, NVs can be used to sense temperature, [133][134][135] electric fields, [136] pressure, [137] and mechanical motions. [138] Moreover, diamond is biocompatible and harmless, allowing for in-vivo quantum sensing in biology and medicine.…”

Section: Diamond Quantum Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope engineering of silicon and diamond for quantum computing and sensing applications

2014

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Some of the stable isotopes of silicon and carbon have zero nuclear spin, whereas many of the other elements that constitute semiconductors consist entirely of stable isotopes that have nuclear spins. Silicon and diamond crystals composed of nuclear-spin-free stable isotopes ( 28 Si, 30 Si, or 12 C) are considered to be ideal host matrixes to place spin quantum bits (qubits) for quantum-computing and -sensing applications, because their coherent properties are not disrupted thanks to the absence of host nuclear spins. The present paper describes the state-of-theart and future perspective of silicon and diamond isotope engineering for development of quantum information-processing devices.

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Section: Diamond Quantum Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope engineering of silicon and diamond for quantum computing and sensing applications

2014

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“…Recently, the NV center has been proposed [21][22][23] and used [24][25][26][27][28][29] as a scanning magnetometer in a number of different contexts, but has been restricted to room temperature operation. However, NV centers maintain their high field sensitivity over a large temperature range, from cryogenic to ambient and above 15,30 , and hence are ideal for imaging nanoscale magnetism through orders of magnitude in temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

et al. 2016

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High spatial resolution magnetic imaging has driven important developments in fields ranging from materials science to biology. However, to uncover finer details approaching the nanoscale with greater sensitivity requires the development of a radically new sensor technology. The nitrogenvacancy (NV) defect in diamond has emerged as a promising candidate for such a sensor based on its atomic size and quantum-limited sensing capabilities afforded by long spin coherence times. Although the NV center has been successfully implemented as a nanoscale scanning magnetic probe at room temperature, it has remained an outstanding challenge to extend this capability to cryogenic temperatures, where many solid-state systems exhibit non-trivial magnetic order. Here we present NV magnetic imaging down to 6 K with 6 nm spatial resolution and 3 μT/√Hz field sensitivity, first benchmarking the technique with a magnetic hard disk sample, then utilizing the technique to image vortices in the iron pnictide superconductor BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2 with Tc = 30 K. The expansion of NVbased magnetic imaging to cryogenic temperatures represents an important advance in state-of-theart magnetometry, which will enable future studies of heretofore inaccessible nanoscale magnetism in condensed matter systems. and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 7 , and reciprocal space techniques including neutron scattering 8 have been successfully utilized to study magnetism in these systems. However, each of these techniques has limitations that must be considered. In MFM, a ferromagnetic tip must be placed in close proximity to a sample, which can perturb the magnetic order that is being probed.Scanning SQUIDs typically require a probe temperature of 10 K or lower, and generally offer micron-size spatial resolution, although recent studies have enhanced the resolution to submicron scales 9 . Lorentz TEM can provide images with high spatial resolution and magnetic contrast, but requires very thin samples, typically less than 100 nm thick. Neutron scattering requires the growth of large, high purity single-crystal samples, and is an ensemble-averaged measurement. There is therefore a significant opportunity to develop a real-space, non-invasive magnetic sensor capable of studying magnetic order at sub-10 nm spatial resolution and sub-T/Hz DC field sensitivities.The nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect center in diamond is an exceptionally versatile single spin system with unique quantum properties that have driven its application in diverse areas ranging from quantum information and photonics to quantum metrology [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Cryogenic scanning magnetometry stands out as potentially the most impactful application of NV centers, taking advantage of the exquisite magnetic field sensitivity and intrinsic atomic scale of the NV center for high resolution imaging 20 . The operation of an NV-based magnetic probe is dependent on a fundamentally different sensing principle than other imaging methods, namely the spin-dependent photolum...

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“…1 For example, single NV centres have been used for a loophole-free Bell test of quantum realism, 2 probing nanoscale phenomena in condensed matter systems, [3][4][5][6][7] and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging of nanoscale ensembles of nuclear spins [8][9][10] including single proteins 11 and individual proton spins. 12 Large ensembles of NV centres have provided magnetic imaging with combined micronscale resolution and millimetre field-of-view, e.g., for mapping paleomagnetism in primitive meteorites 13 and ancient Earth rocks, 14 genetic studies of magnetotactic bacteria, 15,16 and identifying biomarkers in tumour cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective addressing of solid-state spins at the nanoscale via magnetic resonance frequency encoding

et al. 2017

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The nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond is a leading platform for nanoscale sensing and imaging, as well as quantum information processing in the solid state. To date, individual control of two nitrogen vacancy electronic spins at the nanoscale has been demonstrated. However, a key challenge is to scale up such control to arrays of nitrogen vacancy spins. Here, we apply nanoscale magnetic resonance frequency encoding to realize site-selective addressing and coherent control of a four-site array of nitrogen vacancy spins. Sites in the array are separated by 100 nm, with each site containing multiple nitrogen vacancies separated by~15 nm. Microcoils fabricated on the diamond chip provide electrically tuneable magnetic field gradients~0.1 G/nm. Tailored application of gradient fields and resonant microwaves allow site-selective nitrogen vacancy spin manipulation and sensing applications, including Rabi oscillations, imaging, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with nanoscale resolution. Microcoil-based magnetic resonance of solid-state spins provides a practical platform for quantum-assisted sensing, quantum information processing, and the study of nanoscale spin networks.

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Nanoscale imaging and control of domain-wall hopping with a nitrogen-vacancy center microscope

Cited by 201 publications

References 37 publications

Isotope engineering of silicon and diamond for quantum computing and sensing applications

Isotope engineering of silicon and diamond for quantum computing and sensing applications

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

Selective addressing of solid-state spins at the nanoscale via magnetic resonance frequency encoding

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