“…Studies show that collagen is able to self-assemble at 25e37 C and near neutral pH in vitro (Huelin, Baker, Poduska, & Merschrod, 2007;Na, Butz, Bailey, & Carroll, 1986). It can be fabricated into various forms by varying the aggregation conditions, such as fibril, gel, and sponge (Jackson & Fessler, 1955;Swatschek, Schatton, Kellermann, Müller, & Kreuter, 2002;Yadavalli, Svintradze, & Pidaparti, 2010), widely applied in food, cosmetic, and biomedical materials, and tissue engineering. Besides, the physicochemical properties of collagen are influenced by its assembly state (Usha, Jaimohan, Rajaram, & Mandal, 2010;Yang, Wang, Regenstein, & Rouse, 2007).…”