Nanoscale Modification of Titanium Implants Improves Behaviors of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteogenesis In Vivo

Abstract

The surficial micro/nanotopography and physiochemical properties of titanium implants are essential for osteogenesis. However, these surface characters’ influence on stem cell behaviors and osteogenesis is still not fully understood. In this study, titanium implants with different surface roughness, nanostructure, and wettability were fabricated by further nanoscale modification of sandblasted and acid-etched titanium (SLA: sandblasted and acid-etched) by H2O2 treatment (hSLAs: H2O2 treated SLA). The rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs: rat bone mesenchymal stem cells) are cultured on SLA and hSLA surfaces, and the cell behaviors of attachment, spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation are further analyzed. Measurements of surface characteristics show hSLA surface is equipped with nanoscale pores on microcavities and appeared to be hydrophilic. In vitro cell studies demonstrated that the hSLA titanium significantly enhances cell response to attachment, spreading, and proliferation. The hSLAs with proper degree of H2O2 etching (h1SLA: treating SLA with H2O2 for 1 hour) harvest the best improvement of differentiation of rBMSCs. Finally, the osteogenesis in beagle dogs was tested, and the h1SLA implants perform much better bone formation than SLA implants. These results indicate that the nanoscale modification of SLA titanium surface endowing nanostructures, roughness, and wettability could significantly improve the behaviors of bone mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenesis on the scaffold surface. These nanoscale modified SLA titanium scaffolds, fabricated in our study with enhanced cell affinity and osteogenesis, had great potential for implant dentistry.

Metallic Nanoparticle-Doped Oxide Semiconductor Film for Bone Tumor Suppression and Bone Regeneration

“…The improved ALP activity and osteogenic gene expression were ascribed to the nanostructure morphology on the LDH-H2 surface . There are many studies that have confirmed that nanostructures, including flower-like structures and nanosheets, are beneficial for cell adhesion. − In particular, Zhu et al reported that flower-like nanostructure surfaces enhance osteogenesis behaviors of BMSCs via mediating the FAK/p38 signaling pathway; Zhang et al found that a hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramic scaffold with nanorod surface topographies is more advantageous for the osteogenesis behaviors of adipose-derived stem cells via activating the Akt signaling pathway …”

Preparation of a novel antibacterial magnesium carbonate coating on a titanium surface and its in vitro biocompatibility

“… 67 Additionally, it can create micro-nanostructures and enhance hydrophilicity on the titanium surface, thus influencing the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, ultimately strengthening bone formation capacity. 40 Therefore, in this study, after depositing magnesium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide was employed for further treatment.…”

“…These changes significantly affect the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, thereby enhancing bone formation. 39,40 In addition, this modification simultaneously enhances osteogenesis while imparting antibacterial capabilities to the titanium surface. 41…”

“…These changes signicantly affect the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, thereby enhancing bone formation. 39,40 In addition, this modication simultaneously enhances osteogenesis while imparting antibacterial capabilities to the titanium surface. 41 Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a technique for coating titanium (Ti) with magnesium carbonate, and subsequently modify it with hydrogen peroxide to enhance its antibacterial activity.…”